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Biopsych Exam 3
Stress, Stroke, Vision
27
Other
Undergraduate 2
12/02/2008

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Term
Focal/Partial Seizure
Definition
Abnormal brain activity is restricted to an epileptic "focus"
Term
Simple Partial Seizure
Definition
Primarily sensory or motor
Term
Complex Partial Seizure
Definition
restricted to temporal lobes often resulting in automatisms and alterations in consciousness
Term
Generalized Seizures
Definition
abnormal brain activity is brain-wide and has no originating focal point
Term
Grand Mal
Definition
results in violent convulsions beginning with a tonic phase(loss of breathing and intense muscle contraction) followed by a clonic phase (violent, rhythmic contractions) and then coma (lasting 5 minutes)
Term
Tonic Phase
Definition
loss of breathing and intense muscle contraction
Term
Clonic Phase
Definition
violent, rhythmic contractions
Term
Seizure
Definition
Activity spreads as abnormal electrical activity affects other regions of the brain
Term
Parkinson's Disease
Definition
Rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia,postural instability
Term
Huntington's Disease
Definition
-Inherited -Symptoms don't develop until a person has reached 35 -Characterized by involuntary movements and rigidity -Progressive dementia, irritability, moodiness -Death 15-20 years after onset -Profound progressive destruction of GABA and Acetylcholine neurons in the basal ganglia
Term
Schizophrenia Prevalence
Definition
~1% of population develops in a lifetime. 2 million Americans each given year
Term
Schizophrenia Facts
Definition
-Observed in all races and cultures. -Onset sudden and intense. Begins with acute psychotic phase. -Brought on by drug use or stressors -Can be successfully treated with drugs, but long-term prognosis is poor
Term
Schizophrenic Symptoms
Definition
-Disorders of thought
-Hallucinations
-Delusions
-Flattened emotional response
-Poverty of speech
-Lack of initiative and persistence
-Anhedonia
-Social withdrawal
-Reduction in psychomotor speed
-Problems with learning and memory
-Problems with abstract thinking
-Reduction in problem solving abilities
Term
Sensation
Definition
Process of detecting and encoding environmental energy
Term
Perception
Definition
The result of the organization and integration of sensations into an awareness of objects and environmental events
Term
Sensory Receptors
Definition
Specialized neurons that change energy into neural signals
Term
Receptor Potential
Definition
Local depolarization or hyperpolarization of the receptor membrane
Term
Transduction
Definition
The process by which energy is transferred into neural signals
Term
Bipolar Cells
Definition
Receive information from photoreceptors and send it to the ganglion cells
Term
Ganglion Cells
Definition
Receive information from bipolar cells. Axons make up the optic nerve
Term
Amacrine and Horizontal Cells
Definition
Diverse, about 50 kinds, control the ability of ganglion cells to respond to specific aspects of the visual stimuli
Term
Fovea
Definition
A tiny area specialized for acute, detailed vision. In this area, there are no blood vessels and ganglion cell axons. Moreover, each receptor connects to a single bipolar cell, which in turn connects to a single ganglion cell for better acuity
Term
Nociception
Definition
Reception of signals that provide information about tissue damage
Term
Pain
Definition
perception of an aversive or unpleasant sensation that originates from specific region of the body
Term
Analgesia
Definition
Increase in pain tolerance
Term
Hyperalgesia
Definition
Decrease in pain threshold
Term
Allodynia
Definition
When non-painful stimuli become painful
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