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when graphing zero order reaction, what goes on the y axis?
y in the equation=mx+b |
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When graphing a zero order reaction, what is the x axis?
x in the equation y=mx+b |
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| definition of y intercept |
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the point on the y axis where x =0 |
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| how do you determine C0 (initial concentration) from a graph of a zero order reaction? |
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| C0 is the y-intercept in a zero order reaction |
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| in the equation y=mx+b, which factor is C0 (initial concentration) in a zero order reaction |
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| how do you determine rate constant (K) from a graph of a zero order reaction? |
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- use two points from the line (as far apart from each other as possible) to determine the slope
- multiply the slope by -1
This is because in the equation y=mx+b, m=-k
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| in the equation y=mx+b, what is the value of m in a zero order reaction? |
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m=-k
in other words, the slope equals the rate constant * -1 |
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| definition of half life (t1/2) |
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| the time when original concentration is reduced to one half the original concentration |
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| zero order half life is dependent on... |
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zero-order rate constant
initial concentration |
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| what is the value of t1 when C1 is initial concentration ? |
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dC/dt=-(K)(C)n
what is n? |
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the order of reaction
the value is 1 for first order
and 0 for zero order |
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| conversion factor from natural log (ln) to log |
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| a plot of ln C versus Time that exhibits a linear relationship represents... |
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| In a plot of lnC versus time (first order kinetics) , how do you determine the concentration at a particular time? |
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| take the inverse ln of the y axis value for that time |
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| In a plot of lnC versus time (first order kinetics), how do you determine the time of a particular concentration? |
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| take the ln value of the given concentration. then look at the graph for the corresponding value on the x axis |
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| what is the y-intercept of a first order reaction graph (lnC vs. time) |
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| how do you determine initial concentration (C0) of a first order reaction graph (lnC vs. time) |
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1. plot all given values
2. make a straight line through the points
3.back extrapolate the line so that it crosses the y axis
4. take the inverse ln of the value of the y intercept |
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| How do you determine C0 (initial concentration) from a logC vs. time graph of first order kinetics |
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Definition
1. plot all given values
2. make a straight line through the points
3.back extrapolate the line so that it crosses the y axis
4. take the inverse log of the value of the y intercept |
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| in a first order reaction graph with a plot of logC vs. time, what is the formula for the value of m (the slope)? |
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| how do you determine K in a first order reaction graph with a plot of log C vs. time? |
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1. find the slope of line
2. multiply by -2.303
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| formula to determine slope |
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| change in y over change in x |
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0.693/K
what is this equation for? |
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| to determine the half life of a first order reaction |
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What does D represent in the following equation?
A?
H?
ΔC?
k?
(DAKΔC)/h
when is this equation used? |
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D: diffusion coefficient of the drug
A: surface area of absorbing membrane
K: partition coefficient of the drug
ΔC: concentration gradient
H: thickness of absorbing membrane
equation is used to determine the rate of absorption by passive diffusion |
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What is the Michaelis Menten Kinetics equation for?
([C]xVmax)/(km+[C]) |
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it is used to determine the rate of drug absorption by active transport
C: conc of drug available for absorption
Vmax: max rate of absorption at high drug concentration
Km: affinity constant of drug for the carrier |
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| what is the constant for a given drug-carrier complex in active transport? (michaelis menten kinetics) |
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both Vmax and Km are constant for a given drug carrier complex. therefore these two constnats are combined as a single constant K'
Rate of drug absorption = K' x [C] |
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| K' is a combined constant of both... |
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| the absorption of a drug by active transport proceeds according to ______ order kinetics when the affinity constant (Km) is much greater than the concentration of drug at site of absorption (C) |
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| when concentration of drug at the site of absorption is much greater than the affinity constant in active transport, the mechanism follows ______ order kinetics |
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this mechanism utilizes carriers under expenditure of energy (ATP)
the carriers bind to drug molecules and form a complex which moves accross the membrane
mechanism can proceed against a concentration gradient |
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| a carrier mediated system with a similar mechanism to active transport. drug does not proceed against a concentration gradient |
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| convective transport is AKA |
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| transport of drug molecules takes place through the pores of the membrane. |
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| "shifting of the solvent" |
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| the movement of the drug with the solvent through the pores in convective transport |
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| maximal rate of absorption at high drug concentration |
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| affinity constant of drug for the carrier |
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| the viscosity of fluid in the pore of convective transport |
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| thickness of the membrane |
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| transport of charged molecules due to the formation of a neutral complex with another molecule carrying an opposite charge. |
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| the only transport mechanism where a drug or compound does not have to be in aqueous solution to be absorbed |
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| transport process in the absorption of small fat or oil droplets and small solid particles |
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| gastric emptying appears to follow _____ order kinetics |
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first.
as volume of ingested material increases, there is an initial increase in the rate of emptying gastric contents |
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