Term
| what is dehydration synthesis? |
|
Definition
| the monomers of organic compounds join together by a chemical reaction to make a polymer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reverse reaction of breaking up polymers |
|
|
Term
| what is insulin resistance? |
|
Definition
| the fundamental defect in type 2 diabetes |
|
|
Term
| what is metabolic syndrome? |
|
Definition
| another insulin-resistant condition |
|
|
Term
| what abnormalities are caused by metabolic syndrome? |
|
Definition
| abdominal obesity, hypertension, high blood sugar |
|
|
Term
| what does metabolic syndrome precede? |
|
Definition
| coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes |
|
|
Term
| what diseases are associated with insulin resistance? |
|
Definition
| stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic, ovary syndrome, asthma, some cancers, alzheimer's |
|
|
Term
| what happens when insulin resistance takes hold? |
|
Definition
| sets up a vicious cycle: as tissues become unresponsive to insulin, pancreas secrets more insulin, tissues become more resistant |
|
|
Term
| what theories do scientists have about the origins of type 2 diabetes? |
|
Definition
lipotoxicity: cells become poisoned by fat
inflammation: as fat cells increase in size, release inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, which in turn cause insulin resistance |
|
|
Term
| what is insulin the primary regulator of? |
|
Definition
| fat, carbs, and protein metabolism / synthesis of glycogen |
|
|
Term
| what does insulin inhibit? |
|
Definition
| synthesis of glucose by the liver |
|
|
Term
| what does insulin stimulate? |
|
Definition
| synthesis and storage of fats in fat depots and in the liver, release of that fat, synthesis of proteins and of molecules involved in function, repair, growth of cells |
|
|
Term
| what is the fundamental role of insulin? |
|
Definition
| to orchestrate the use of fuels in the body, partitioning them to oxidation or storage |
|
|
