Term
| Cartesian coordinates: X axis |
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Definition
| passes from side to side horizontally and perpendicular to the sagittal plane. |
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Term
| Cartesian coordinates:Y axis |
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Definition
| passes perpendicular to the transverse plane and the ground |
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Term
| Cartesian coordinates: Z axis |
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Definition
| is perpendicular to the frontal plane passing horizontally from front to back |
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Term
| Right Hand Rule movements: X= |
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Definition
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Term
| Right Hand Rule movements: Y= |
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Definition
| right and left lateral bending; |
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Term
| Right Hand Rule movements: Z= |
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Definition
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Term
| A push or pull having a magnitude and direction; i.e. a vector |
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Definition
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Term
| Functional unit composed of an anterior segment and posterior segment that involve the vertebral bodies and connecting soft tissue that play a role in movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two vertebral bodies separated by an intervertebral disc. |
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Definition
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Term
Contains the articular facets (zygapophyseal joints)
and synovial membranes which are composed of nociceptors and mechanoreceptors |
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Definition
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Term
| Joints that are formed by upward lateral projections [uncinate processes] from the superior aspect of vertebral bodies and the corresponding areas on the inferolateral surfaces on adjacent vertebral bodies; also know as uncovertebral joints and may develop as a result of degenerative changes in the spine; unique to the cervical region in older people and they serve to limit lateral translation |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal force that tends to push together material fibers; the intervertebral disc is the main compression carrying component of the spine. Compression can be caused from normal gravity forces or added external forces |
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Definition
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Term
| Association of one motion about an axis with another motion about a second axis. Pure lateral flexion and pure rotation do not occur in any region of the spine. In order for either motion to occur, at least some of the other must occur as well. The pattern and amount of each varies depending on the area of the spine |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral flexion is coupled with rotation in the transverse plane to the same side; so that the spinous process deviates to the opposite [convex] side |
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Definition
| Cervical/Upper Thoracic Coupling |
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Term
| Lateral flexion is coupled with rotation along the transverse plane to the opposite side; so that the spinous process deviates to the same [concave] side |
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Definition
| Lumbar/Lower thoracic Coupling |
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Term
| Branch of mechanics that deals with the study of the movement of rigid bodies |
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Definition
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Term
| Force per unit area on a given plane |
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Definition
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Term
| Compression, tension and shear |
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Definition
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Term
| Angular displacement of a rigid body around an axis |
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Definition
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Term
| The straight line motion of a rigid body along an axis |
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Definition
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Term
| Axial compression along with rotation or bending: the disc is designed to aid the body with torsion stresses since half of the annulus fibrosis resists clockwise rotation, whereas fibers oriented in the opposite direction resist counter-clockwise rotation |
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Definition
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Term
| Force in matter which resists parallel movement |
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Definition
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Term
| Load applied to an object |
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Definition
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Term
| Compressive [decreases the length], tension [increases the length] and shear [increase or decrease in the oblique plane] |
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Definition
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Term
| Loss of energy in the form of heat during repetitive loading and unloading of viscoelastic substances, in the same way bending a wire back and forth generates heat |
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Definition
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Term
| Sustained load that causes deformation of the disc. Creep is normal when the discs undergo normal gravity stresses of the day and this causes some of the fluid of the disc to be absorbed through the pores of the endplate. When the load is gone the fluid returns. |
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Definition
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Term
| The material’s ability to return to its original state after deformation after removal of the deforming load. |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle lengthens during contraction; an example is when a muscle resists gravity such as when setting an object down slowly. |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle shortens during contraction: example=biceps curl |
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Definition
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Term
| The contraction of a muscle fiber without changing the length. An example is carrying an object in front of you without raising or lowering the biceps. |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior horn of the spinal cord is motor, while the posterior horn is sensory |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone remodels in response to stress placed on it. For example, weight lifters will have a greater bone density due to greater demand on the bones. Astronauts that have spent a long time in space will have weaker bones due to lack of gravity |
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Definition
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Term
| Soft tissue remodels itself in response to demands; an example is when the foot is held in pronation long enough, the soft tissue will stretch and other muscles may shorten |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure on epiphysis retards the rate of growth and that decreased pressure increases the rate of growth |
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Definition
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Term
| The nerve that innervates a muscle that acts on a joint also tends to innervate the joint and the skin that covers the distal attachments of the muscle |
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Definition
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