With FLEXION, the facets OPEN

the superior's segment's INFERIOR facets move SUPERIORLY and ANTERIORLY to the superior facets of the lower segment

Fryette's Second Principle

Type II non neutral segmental dysfunction

when sidebending is introduced into a non-neutral spine, the bodies of the vertebrae will roatate toward the side of concavity

always have flexion or extension. side bend and rotation coupled on the same side.

restricted facet acts like a pivot around with rotation occur

ESR dysfunction "disappear" in extension and are accentuated in flexion. in extreme flexion when both posterior facets should open, one remained closed and the vertebra rotates and side bends to that side.

FRS dysfunction "disappear" in flexion and are accentuated in extension. In extreme extension when both posteriror facet should be closed, one remained opened and the vertebra rotates and side bends to the opposite site.

somatic ESR left dysfuction at T6. this dysfunction disappear when extend but becomes prominent when flex. when flex, both facets should be open, but one is closed.

In exteneded dysfunction, the problem facet is on the same side as the extension.

Somatic FRS left dysfunction ot T8. Dysfunction "disappears" when flex but appear when extend. during extension two facet should be closed, but one is not. (in this case the right facet did not close)

in any flex, non-neutral dysfunction, the proboem facet is on the opposite side of rotation and side bending.

only apply to thoracic spine

T1, T2, T3 spinous process is at the same level as the transverse process

T4,T5,T6 spinous process is half way between its tranverse process and the one bellow it

T7, T8,T9 spinous process is at the level of the transverse process bellow

T10 is like T7-T9

T11 is like T4-T6

T12 is like T1-T3

Saggital plane- Flexion and Extension (transverse axis)

Coronal Plane- side bending (anterior/posterior axis)

Transverse Plane- Rotation (Superior/Inferior axis)

What are the superior facet orientations of

a. cervical

b.thoracic

c.lumbar

a. cervical  BUM(back-up medial)

b. Thoracic BUL (back-up lateral)

c. Lumbar (back-medial)

Acute: increase temp, boggy/rough texture, increase moisture, increase tension, increase tenderness, edematous, erythema test (redness last)

Chronic: cool/slight increase in temp, thin/smooth texture, dry, slight increase tension/ropy/stingy, less tender, no edema, blanching

1. Physiologic barrier: the point to which a patient can actively move any given joint.

2. Anatomic barrier: the point to which the hoint can be passively moved through the physiologic barrier.