Term
| Why does the absorbance spectrum of chlorophyll a not exactly match the action spectrum of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| Because plants contain numerous colors. |
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Term
| you are looking at some animal cells in a microscope. Accidentally, you knock over a bottle containing an unknown fluid and it spills on the sample. the cells immediately shrivel up. How would you clasify the osmolarity of this solution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is required to produce on glucose molecule in photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do CAM plants fix CO2? c4 plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do we get the electrons to fill the hole in photosystem 1? photosystem 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagram a condesation reaction between 2 amino acids. circle the peptide bond. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagram the process of making a secretory protein as discussed in lecture |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare and contrast the early membrane model and the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the experiment used to demonstrate the fluidity of membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| Label and diagram the three different associations proteins can have with the membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagram the cycle of carbon content in the calvin cycle and indicate when electrons and/or energy are used. indicate the three parts of the calvin cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 roles of proteins in the cell. |
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Definition
- structural support
- transport
- signalling |
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Term
| What are the 4 levels of structure found in proteins? Give a characteristic for each. |
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Definition
- primary structure: determined by the info encoded in genes
- secondary structure: stabilized by hydrogen bonding between carbonyl and amino groups in the backbone
- tertiary structure: the 3-D shape of the protein
- quaternary structure: results from interactions between polypeptides |
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Term
| Name a protein with quaternary structure. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA? |
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Definition
Pyrimidines: C,T,U,
Purines: A,G |
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Term
| what is resolving power and how does it affect light microscopy? Wha is the resolving power of a light microscope? Eletron microscope? |
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Definition
the minimum distance between 2 points that can still be distinguished as separate points
light = ~0.2nm
electron = 2nm |
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Term
| What is the function of the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wat is the function of the ribosome? what makes ribosomes different from the other organelles? |
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Definition
| they make the cell's proteins. |
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Term
| What are the 4 functions of the smooth ER? |
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Definition
- synthesize lipids
- involved in carbohydrate metabolism
- detoxifies drugs and poisons
- stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction |
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Term
| List 2 kinds of vesicles and the function of each |
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Definition
lysosomes: contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down organic material or even kill other organisms
vacuoles: very large vesicles that prform different tasks in different organisms |
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Term
| Why are mitochondria and chloroplasts believed to have originated from prokaryotes? Give at least 3 reasons. |
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Definition
- replicate independently
- own circular DNA
- double membrane |
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Term
| List the 3 major cytoskeletal fibers. Indicate for each its major subunit and relative size |
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Definition
microtubules: thickest, tubulin
microfilaments: thinest, actin
intermediate filaments: intermediate, keratin |
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Term
| Name 3 functions of the extracellular matrix |
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Definition
| provides support and anchorage for the cells, helps move cells, important in gene regulation |
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Term
| what is the function of a contractile vacuole? |
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Definition
| to pump out water from the cell |
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Term
| What type of molecule cross the plasma membrane easily? which have a harder time, and which cannot cross at all? (discuss four groups) |
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Definition
non polar: cross easily
small polar uncharged: pretty easy
large polar uncharged: hard time
ions: wont't cross at all |
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Term
| What is the difference between passive transport and active transport? |
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Definition
active: requires energy
passive: does not require energy |
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Term
| In lab, you start with a slice of potato that weighs 2.7g. You place it in an unknown solution for one hour. you remove the slice and reweigh it. it now weight 3.1g. is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is facilitated diffusion? |
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Definition
| passive transport of solutes with the help of transport proteins |
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Term
| What membrane extension is used for phagocytosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three types of endocytosis? |
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Definition
| Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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Term
| what are three parts of photosystem? |
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Definition
| Antenna complex, reaction center chlorophyll, primary electron receptor |
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Term
| Briefly describe the experiment performed to show that oxygen comes from the splitting of water in photosynthesis |
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Definition
| Instead of plants, the experiment was done with bacteria. Instead of o2, they got globular S. Oxygen in normal photosynthesis comes from splitting of water, not carbon dioxide. |
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Term
| Compare and contrast non-cyclic and cyclic electron flow in the light reactions? |
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Definition
Cyclic: makes NADPH, ATP, and 1/2CO2, starts with water and ends with NADPH
Non-Cyclic: Makes ATP, Starts as PS1, Ends as PS1 |
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Term
| What products of the light reactions are required for the calvin cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of NADP? |
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Definition
| to store high energy electrons |
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Term
| What is Dr. Stanley's favorite STD? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many people have herpes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is gonnorrhea called the clap? |
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Definition
| Another suggested source is from the Old French word "clapier", meaning "brothel". If you visited the clapier you may get gonnorhea or "clapior" (meaning a sore) |
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