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Biology: Life On Earth Ch. 9
Vocab from Chapter 9: DNA: The Molecule of Heredity
18
Biology
Not Applicable
10/19/2005

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Term
adenine (A)
Definition
One of the four nitrogen containing bases present in nucleotides of DNA.
Term
bases
Definition
They are the changing factor in a nucleotide. They are either adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), of cytosine (C).
Term
chromosomes
Definition
Threadlike structures within cells that contains genes. They coinsist of tight coils of DNA and protein.
Term
complementary base pairs
Definition
The name for the specific pairings of bases in DNA. A always forms with T, while G alwyas pairs with C.
Term
cytosine (C)
Definition
One of the four nitrogen containing bases present in nucleotides of DNA.
Term
DNA
Definition
It is the molecule that carries the blueprints for al forms of life on Earth.
Also known as: deoxyribonucleic acid
Term
DNA helicases
Definition
Enzymes which pull apart the parental DNA double helix, so that the bases of two DNA strands no longer form base pairs with one another.
Term
DNA ligase
Definition
An enzyme that ties DNA together.
Term
DNA polymerases
Definition
Enzymes which move along each separated parental DNA strand matching ases n the strand wth complementary free nucleotides.
Term
DNA replication
Definition
The process through which the parent cell synthesizes two exact copies of its DNA.
Term
double helix
Definition
The name for the twisted-ladder structure of DNA.
Term
free nucleotides
Definition
Nucleotides used to complement one of the parental DNA strands.
Term
gene
Definition
The discrete units in which heritable information exists.
Term
guanine (G)
Definition
One of the four nitrogen containing bases present in nucleotides of DNA.
Term
nucleotides
Definition
Four small subunits which compose all DNA. Each sonsists of a phosphate group, a sugar called deoxyribose, and one of four possible nitrogen-containing bases.
Term
semiconservative replication
Definition
The process of replicatino in which a new strand of DNA winds with a daughter strand that came form the parent strand, thus "conserving" one parental strand.
Term
sugar-phosphate backbone
Definition
The alternating sugar/phosphate pattern which creates backbone for DNA from which the nucleotides protrude.
Term
thymine (T)
Definition
One of the four nitrogen containing bases present in nucleotides of DNA.
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