Term
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
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Definition
| The most common and widespread immune deficiency disease, in which viruses infect and destroy the helper T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Immune resopnses to antigens that are not harmful. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large proteins which are produced by B cells form highly-specific binding sites for antigens, and prmote phagocytosis by a macrophage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Foreign molecules that generate a resopnse from antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease in which the body mounts an immune resopnse against a prticular clel type that it should recognize as "self" |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of lymphcyte that differnatiates in the bone marrow and produce antibodies. |
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Definition
| A disease characterized by the unchecked of malignant tumor cells. |
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Definition
| A type of attack produced by cytotozic T cells, which attack invaders that made their way into body cells. |
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Definition
| The process by which Antigen-antibody binding causes B cells to divide rapidly. |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of reactions in which the antibody complex on the surface of an invading cell attract phagocytic white blood cells and promote phagocytosis of the foreign cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| A region similar in all antibodies of the same type. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical messengers relased by macrophages secreted by cells that allow them to communicate with one another and with other body systems. These messengers supplement histomine in making the capillaries leaky. |
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Definition
| Cells which release proteins that disrupt the infected cell's plasma membrane. |
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Definition
| An elevated body temperature which both slows down microbial reproduction and enhances the body's own fighting abilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells which stimulate humoral and cell-mediated immunity and have T-cell receptors for microbial antigens. |
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Definition
| A chemical that relaxes the smooth muscle that surrounds arterioles, causing increased blood flow, and makes capillary walls leaky. |
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Term
| human immunodeficiency viruses |
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Definition
| Viruses which cause AIDS by undermining the immune system by infecting and destroying helper T cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of immunity that is provided by B cells and the circulating antibodies they secrete into the blood stream, which attack invaders before they can enter body cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The third and final line of defense, in which immune cells selectively destroy the particular toxin or microbe and "remember" the invader, allowing a faster response if it reappears in the future. |
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Term
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Definition
| The system constituted by the lymphocytes that produce the immune response, the chemical antibodies they generate to target infections microbes, and the organs in which the lymphocytes are produced and reside. |
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Term
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Definition
| The response which causes inflammation, thereby causing mucouse membranes to beomce leaky, attracting phagocytic cells, promoting blood clotting, and causing pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized white blood cells which are distributed throughout the body in the blood and produce the immune response, and chemcial antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| An important type of phagocytic white blood cell which ingest dead and dying cells, and microbes, and act as house keepers, scavenging dead and ding cells that are produced as the body continuously renews its tissues and suffers various traumas. |
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Term
| major histocompatibility complex (MHC) |
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Definition
| The proteins on the surface of the body's own cells that are unique to each individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connective tissue cells that release histamine and other chemicals into the blood stream upon being signaled by damaged cells. |
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Definition
| B cell daughter cells which play an important role in future immunity by keeping a memory of hte invader. |
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Term
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Definition
| T daughter cells that help protect hte body againt future infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| microsopic organisms that live and reproduce on or within other life forms, doing harm in the process, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists. |
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Term
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Definition
| A class of whie blood cells that strike at the body's own cells that have become cancerous or have been invaded by viruses, recognizing these cells by any abnormal molecules on their surfaces. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of phagocytic white blood cell which ingests dead and dying cells, cellular debris, and microbes by phagocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of cell which engulfs and directly destroys microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A B daughter cell that beomces enlarged and packed with rough endoplasmic reticulum, within which huge quantities of specific antibody proteins are synthesiszed and then rleased into the blood stream. |
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Term
| severe combined immune dificiency (SCID) |
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Definition
| A disorder in which few or no immune cells are formed due to a defective gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of lymphocyte differentiated in the thymus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein which recognizes and binds to specific antigens. |
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Term
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Definition
| A population of cells that has escaped normal regulatory precesses and grows at an abnormal rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| The injection of weakened or killed microbes to confer immunity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A region which differs among individual antibodies. |
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