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Biology: Life on Earth Ch. 19
Vocab for Ch. 19: The Diversity of Viruses, Prokaryotes, and Protists
36
Biology
Not Applicable
12/13/2005

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Term
acellular slime mold
Definition
A slime mold which consists of a mass of cytoplasm that may spread thinly over an area with many diploid nuclei, but not contained in cells
Term
algae
Definition
Photosynthetic protists
Term
alveolate
Definition
Single-celled organisms that have distinctive, small cavities beneath the surface of their cells. This group contains dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates.
Term
amoebas
Definition
Protist organisms common in freshwater lakes in ponds, of which many are predators that stalk and engluf prety, and some are parasitic. These organisms move by means of pseudopods.
Term
anaerobes
Definition
organisms whose metabolisms do not require oxygen allowing the ability ot inhabit oxygen-free environments.
Term
apicomplexan
Definition
A parasitic chromist which forms infectious spores. An example is Plasmodium, a malarial parasite.
Term
bacteriophages
Definition
Viruses that infect bacteria
Term
cellular slime mold
Definition
Slime mold composed of independent haploid cells.
Term
chromist
Definition
A group that's memebers have fine, hairlike projections on their flagella and desplay a wide range of different forms.
Term
cilia
Definition
Specialized organelles which beat in unison to propel the signle-celled organism.
Term
ciliate
Definition
The most complex alveolate unicellular organism which utilize speciallized organelles such as cilia for propulsion.
Term
conjugation
Definition
The process by which prokaryotes transfer DNA from a donor to a recipient without reproduction.
Term
diatom
Definition
Photosynthetic chromists which produce protective shells.
Term
dinoflagellate
Definition
Unicellular alveolates which swim by means of two whiplike flagella.
Term
endospore
Definition
Protective structures for rod-shaped bacteria which are resistant to extreme environmental conditions.
Term
euglenoid
Definition
Single-celled protists that live mostly in fresh water and lack a rigid outer covering.
Term
flagella
Definition
Organelle of Bacteria that allows bacteria to move and disperse.
Term
foraminiferan
Definition
A marine protist that prouces shells constructed of calcium carbonate.
Term
Gram stain
Definition
A staining technique which can distinguish between two types of cell wall construction in bacteria.
Term
heliozoan
Definition
A form of freshwater protists which have stiff, needlelike pseudopods.
Term
host
Definition
The cell that a virus or other infectious agent infects.
Term
nitrogen-fixing bacterium
Definition
Bacteria which capture nitrogen gass from air and combine it with hydrogen to produce ammonium, which plants can use directly.
Term
pathogenic
Definition
Disease-producing
Term
phytoplankton
Definition
Single celled photosynthesizers that float passively in lakes and oceans and account for nearly 70% of all photosynthetic activity on Earth.
Term
plasmid
Definition
A small circular DNA molecule that is seperate from the single bacterial chromosome.
Term
plasmodial slime mold
Definition
An alternative term for acellular slime mold
Term
plasmodium
Definition
A cell-less structure which oozes around its food such as in a plasmodial slime mold.
Term
prions
Definition
Infectious protein particles without genetic material.
Term
protist
Definition
Eukaryotes which are not of the kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, or Animalia.
Term
protozoa
Definition
Single-celled nonphotosynthetic protists
Term
pseudoplasmodium
Definition
A sluglike mass which consists of individual cells amd behaves like a multicellular organism.
Term
pseudopod
Definition
Extensions which surround and engulf food and provide movement for basic organisms.
Term
radiolarians
Definition
Marine protists which produce shells of silica.
Term
viroid
Definition
Infectious particles that lack a protein coat, consisting of nothing more than short, circular strands of RNA.
Term
water mold
Definition
A small group of protists shaped as long filaments which form cottony tufts.
Term
zooflagellates
Definition
Organisms which possess at least one flagellum.
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