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| alternate viersions of a gene |
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| Chromosomes, besides the sex chromosomes, that occur in pairs and have identical appearance. |
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| heterozygous organisms; these organisms display the dominant phenotype, yet retain the recessive gene as well |
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| when there are two dominant alleles present, displaying the phenotype of both dominant alleles |
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| when plant breeders mate two plants by hand |
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| the exchange of gneetic material during Prophase I of Meiosis |
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| the allele that masks the other allele when both alleles are present in an organism |
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| The condition caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21. Distinctive characteristics include weak muscle tone, a small mouth, and distinctively shaped eyelids. |
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| The hereditary casue of a trait. |
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| The reattachment of crossed-over regions. |
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| The actual combination of alleles carried by an organism |
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| A genetic defect caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome that results in a deficiency in one of the proteins needed for blood clotting. |
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The name for an organism whose homologous chromosomes have different alleles at a given gene locus.
Also known as a hybrid |
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| The name for an organism whose homologous chromosomes have the same allele at a given gene locus. |
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The name for an organism whose homologous chromosomes have different alleles at a given gene locus.
Also known as a heterozygous organism. |
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The patern of inheritance in ich the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.
E.G. A homozygous red snapdragon crossed with a homozygous white snapdragon results in a heterozygous pink snapdraon. |
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| The method by which tratis are passed through generations |
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| A genetic disorder caused by the presence of 2 X chromosomes along with a Y chromosome in males. The results include breast development, broadening of te hips, and small testes. |
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| law of independant assortment |
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| The law that staes that the alleles in one gene may be distributed to gametes independently of the alleles for other genes. |
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| The law, discovered by Mendel, which states that the two alleles of a gene segregate from one another at meiosis. When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting offspring receives one allele from each parent. |
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| The inheritance of certain genes as a group because they are on the same chromosome. These genes do not assort independently. |
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| A gene's specific physical location on a chromosome |
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Although a single organism can have only two alleles, a species may have many more than that.
E.G. eyecolor |
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| The meiosis error that results in gametes that have too many or too few chromosomes. |
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| diagrams that show the genetic relationships among a set of related individuals |
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| An organism's traits, including its outward appearance, behavior, digestive enzymes, blood type, or any other observable, or measurable feature. |
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When single genes have multiple phenotypic effects.
E.G. one gene results in many phenotypic qualities, |
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| A form of inheritance in which the interaction of two or more genes contribute to a single phenotype |
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| A convinient way to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. |
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| The allele which is masked when paired with another allele. |
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| The porcess in which a flower supplies the perm to fertilize the egg from the same flower. |
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| Genes that are on one sex chromosome but not on the other. |
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| A recessive disease in which defective hemoglobin is produced, resulting form a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. |
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| The process by which an organism of dominant phenotype is crossed with a recessive phenotyped organism to determine the genotype of the dominant organism. |
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| The genetic disorder in which a women has three X chromosomes, resulting in significant tallness and decreased intelligence. |
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| Plants for which hommozygous genes result in offspring of hte same phenotype. |
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| A female with only one X chromosome. Affects include no menstruation, and nodecelopment of secondary sexual characteristics. |
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