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Biology (first half)
chapters 34, 1-8
45
Biology
Undergraduate 1
07/16/2008

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Term
Photosynthesis Reaction
Definition
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Term
Cell Respiration Reaction
Definition
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 +6H2O
Term
Coupling Reaction
Definition
Photosynthesis + Cell Respiration
Term
Nucleotide
Definition
Niteogen Base and phosphate group
Term
ATP
Definition
an enzyme; adenine, ribose, and a phosphate group--drives cellular work, makes active transport possible
Term
Endergonic (reaction)
Definition
Stored/Storing energy
Term
Exogonic (reaction)
Definition
Releasing energy
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Moving substances out of the cell
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
Moving substances into the cell
Term
Solutes
Definition
diffuses in a solvent
Term
Enzyme
Definition
speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy
Term
-ase
Definition
an enzyme usually ends with this
Term
-ose
Definition
a substrate; this ending is usually what an enzyme "works on"
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
Lipids and protiens that surround a cell
Term
Intercellular Space
Definition
space between two cells
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
Helps keep a cell fluid and also helps synthesize vitamin D
Term
Protiens' role in the plasma membrane
Definition
  • peripheral - tend to be signal protiens
  • transportation
  • enzymatic activity
  • intercellular joining
  • cell-cell recognition
  • attachment to the cytosleketon and extracellular matrix (ecm)
Term
Domains
Definition
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Eukarya
Term
Kingdoms
Definition
  • Animalia
  • Protists
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
makes Ribosomes (RNA)
Term
Ribosomes (RNA)
Definition

Made in nucleolus; job is to make protiens.

  • "work bench for protiens"
Term
Free Ribosomes
Definition
Creates secretory protiens
Term
Cytosol/Cytoplasm
Definition
the liquid-y part of a cell
Term
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Definition
  • Studded with ribosomes
  • Protiens are folded here
Term
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Definition
  • Synthesizes lipids (oils, steroids, steroid precursors)
  • Many of these may be found in testes/ovaries
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
"Distribution Center..."
Term
Golgi Complex/Golgi Apparatus
Definition
  • "Tagging and distribution center"
  • Parts break off into tiny vesicles and moves a protien from point a to point b
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
In plant cells; holds food.
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
  • Maintains cell shape
  • anchors the cell
  • moves chromosomes around
Term
Cleavage Furrow
Definition
Allows the duplication of cells
Term
Kinesin
Definition
Things in cells move around using motor protiens, using a monorail; ATP powered...
Term
Central Vacuole
Definition
  • In plants
  • holds inorganic ions and color pigments (red/blue)
Term
Plasmodesmata
Definition
Tubes always linked to all other plant cells; allows for the passage of molecules
Term
Gap Junctions
Definition
Only in animal cells. Only allows for the passage of certain things from cell-cell
Term
Monomer
Definition
A small molecule that can combine with others to form a polymer (or dimer)
Term
Polymer
Definition
Many monomers combined
Term
-ose
Definition
If something ends with this, it's a sugar
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
"organic molecules" that always contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, and sometimes *only* these...
Term
Simple Sugars
Definition
Carbohydrates
Term
Lipid
Definition
  • Fats, oils, cholesterol
  • glycerides
Term
Triglycerides
Definition
Stored fat cells
Term
Requirements for life
Definition
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous
Term
Euthropic
Definition
Overly nutrient rich
Term
10% Rule
Definition
About 10% of the energy for every trophic level is passed up to the next level -- means that there are less predators
Term
Ozone Layer
Definition
Keeps UV rays out and a reasonable heat in
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