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Definition
| an organism's ability to produce surviving offspring that can reproduce |
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Definition
| an organism copying another organism's unique trait (ex: copying the bright paterns of a poisonous organism) |
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Definition
| adaptations that allow a organism to blend in with its environment |
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Definition
| inherited characteristics of a species taht develops over time in response to an environmental factor, enabling the species to survive |
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Definition
| random effect that can occur when a small population settles in an area separated from the rest of the population and interbreeds, producing unique allelic variations |
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Definition
| random change in allelic frequencies in a population |
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Definition
| process in which a learge poplulation declines in number, then rebounds |
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Definition
| most common form of natural selection in which organisms with extreme expressions of a trait are removed |
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Definition
| form of selection increases the expression of extreme versions of a trait of a population |
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Definition
| type of natural selection where it splits the population in two groups; removes the organisms with average traits and leaves two extremes |
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Definition
| type of selection where the males and females differ significantly in appearance |
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Term
| prezygotic isolating mechanisms |
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Definition
| operate before fertilization occurs; make sure that reproduction by fertilization is unlikely |
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| postzygotic isolating mechanisms |
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Definition
| operate after fertilization to ensure the resulting hybrid remains infertile |
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Definition
| a physical barrier divides one population into two are more populations; eventually the two population can't reproduce with each other |
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Definition
| a species evolves into a new species without a physical barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| also called divergent evolution; can occur in a short time when one species gives rise to many species in response to the creation of new habitat or another ecological opportunity |
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Definition
| theory where evolution occurred in small, gradual steps |
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| theory where rapid spurts of genetic change caused species to diverged quickly then longer periods of little change |
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Definition
| a permanent change in one's DNA |
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Definition
| where mating is random; produces genetic diversity |
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Definition
| opening in the outer cell layer of leaves and some stems to enable the exchange of gas even with the presence of a cuticle |
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Definition
| special cells that control the opening and closing of a stomata |
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Definition
| specialized transport tissues |
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Definition
| flower that grows in one season and dies |
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Definition
| a plant that can live to 2 years |
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Definition
| plants that can live for several years and usually produce flowers and seeds yearly |
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Definition
| transports water throughout the plant |
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Definition
| transports nutrients and food throughtout the plant |
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| inner tissue of a leaf; contains chloroplasts |
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Definition
| plant growth respone to light |
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| plant growth response to gravity |
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Definition
| plant growth response to mechanical stimuli (object, organism, wind) |
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Term
| sepal petal pistil stamen |
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Definition
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Definition
| inner layer of cells in the gastrula that develops into digestive organs and the digestive tract lining |
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Definition
| snimasl that can produce both sperm and eggs in its body, generally at different times |
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Definition
| fluid-filled ball of cells formed by mitotic cell division of the embryo |
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Definition
| two-cell-layer sac with an opening at one end that forms from the blastula during embyronic development |
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Definition
| can split the animal in half in any direction and both sides are alike |
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Definition
| can split the organism in half and both sides are the same |
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| organism permanently attached to one place |
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Definition
| in cnidarians, the space surrounded by an inner cell layer, where digestion takes place |
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| tube-shaped, sessile body form of cnidarians |
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Definition
| umbrella-shaped, free swimming body forms of cnidarians |
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| phylum of jellyfishes, hydra, sea anemones |
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| phylum of "segmented" worms |
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Definition
| phylum of snails, slugs, octopus, squid |
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Definition
| phylum of insect, crustaceans, spiders, centipedes, millipedes |
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Definition
| phylum of sea urchins, sea cucumbers, seastars |
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Definition
| phylum of humans, dogs, cats, etc. |
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Definition
| where all the senses are located near the head region |
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Definition
| growing back a limb after it has been cut off |
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Definition
| mouths of leeches, etc. with hooks and suckers |
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Definition
| the fat reproductive area of a tapeworm |
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Definition
| class of worms that has tapeworms |
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Definition
| class of free-living flat worms |
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| mouth of mollusks; used to scrap food |
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Definition
| class of snails, etc "one foot" |
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Definition
| class with oysters, clams; "two doors" |
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Definition
| class of mollusks containing squids and octopuses |
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Definition
| organ in worm that stores food |
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Definition
| organ in worm that crushes the food |
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Definition
| raised area of a earthworm with all the reproductive organs |
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Definition
| class of parasitic annelids (leeches) |
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| class of annelids with earthworms |
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Definition
| class of annelids that contain bristle worms |
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Definition
| forms much of the exoskeleton of arthopods |
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Definition
| the fused head and thorax of spiders and some other arthopods |
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Definition
| arthopods shed their exoskelton in order to grow |
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Definition
| chemical released by bees so other bees can follow them |
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| female; does all the work around the colony |
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Definition
| male bee; does no work but mate with the queen |
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Definition
| last segement in the abdomen in crustaceans |
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| one of the paired abdominal appendages of certain aquatic crustaceans that function primarily for carrying the eggs in females and are usually adapted for swimming |
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| where the spider makes silk |
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Definition
| class of arthopods with lobster, crabs, etc. |
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Definition
| class of arthopods that contain insects |
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| class of arthopods of horseshoe crabs |
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Definition
| class of arthopods containing millipedes |
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| class of arthopoda containing centipedes |
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Definition
| class of arthopods containing spider |
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Definition
| insect's immature form between larvae and adult; complete metamorphesis |
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Definition
| immature form in incomplete metamorphesis |
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Definition
| process of changing for baby to an adult form in three or more stages |
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Definition
| complete metamorhposis between egg and pupa |
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Definition
| projection on echinoderms (starfishes, etc.) |
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Definition
| 1.A cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals |
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Definition
| This is an extension of the body past the anal opening. |
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Definition
| gill-like appendages on an embryo |
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Definition
| An animal that is dependent on external sources of body heat |
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Definition
| An animal that is dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat; a warm-blooded animal |
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Term
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Definition
| top part of a four-chambered heart |
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Definition
| bottom part of a 4-chambered heart |
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Definition
| the cavity (in birds, reptiles, amphibians, most fish, and monotremes but not mammals) at the end of the digestive tract into which the intestinal, genital, and urinary tracts open |
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Definition
| important adaptation that helped reptiles move onto land |
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Term
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Definition
| Allantois (plural allantoides or allantoises) is a part of a developing animal conceptus (which consists of all embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues). It helps the embryo exchange gases and handle liquid waste. |
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Definition
| 1.The outermost membrane surrounding an embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal. In mammals (including humans), it contributes to the formation of the placenta |
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Definition
| A membranous sac containing yolk attached to the embryos of reptiles and birds and the larvae of some fishes |
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| 3.Relating to or denoting heritable characteristics that are controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring even when inherited from only one parent |
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Definition
| Relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent |
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Definition
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Definition
| the gene for the characteristic |
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Definition
| (of a gene or heritable characteristic) Carried by a sex chromosome |
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Definition
| A hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes |
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Definition
| relating to characteristics that are expressed differently in the two sexes |
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Definition
| A genetic condition or characteristic whose expression or severity differs between the sexes. That is, it occurs more frequently in either males or females. |
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Definition
| A diagram that shows the pattern of inheritance of a gene in a family. |
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Definition
| 1.The interaction of genes that are not alleles, in particular the suppression of the effect of one such gene by another |
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Definition
| 1.A medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury |
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Definition
| The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species |
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Definition
| Another name for Down's Syndrom (where there is one extra 21st chromosome) |
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Definition
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Definition
| A person or other organism that possesses a particular gene, esp. as a single copy whose effect is masked by a dominant allele, so that the associated characteristic (such as a hereditary disease) is not displayed but may be passed to offspring |
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Definition
| A gene has multiple alleles if there are more than two different alleles for that gene in the gene pool. |
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Definition
| a gene and its interaction with its environment |
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Definition
| cell division where the sister chromatids fail to separate properly |
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Definition
| Artificial selection (or selective breeding) describes intentional breeding for certain traits, or combination of traits. |
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Definition
| The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution |
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Definition
| The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth |
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Definition
| structures that have different functions but similar anatomically |
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Definition
| structures that are reduced forms of functional structures that are not used in other species |
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Definition
| structures that have the same function but not anatomically the same |
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Definition
| states that twoo alles for each trait separate during meiosis. during fertilization two alleles for that trait unite |
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Term
| Law of Independent Assortment |
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Definition
| states that random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation |
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Definition
| A dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs |
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Definition
| mammals that reproduce by laying egges (platypus) |
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Definition
| pouched mammals that have a very short period of development in the uterus |
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Definition
| mammals that have a placents (organ that provides food and oxygen to and removes waste from developing young); give birth to young that do not need furthur development within a pouch |
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Definition
| behavior genetically based and not linked to past experiences |
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Definition
| carrying out a specific set of action, in sequence, in response to stimulus |
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Definition
| decrease in an animal's response after repeatedly being exposed to a stimulus that has no positive or negative effects |
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Definition
| occurs when an association is made betweeen two different kinds of stimuli |
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Definition
| an animal learns to associate its response to a stimulus with a reward or a punishment |
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Definition
| learning that can only occur within a specific time perios in an animal's life and is permanent (ex: immediatly after birth) |
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Definition
| thinking, reasoning, and processing information to understand complex concepts and solve problems |
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Definition
| type of threatening or combative interaction between two individuals of the same species |
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Definition
| top-ranked animal gets access to resources without conflict from other animals in the group |
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Definition
| attempts to adopt and control a physical area against the other animals of the same species |
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Definition
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Definition
| move long distances seasonally to new location to increase their changes of survival |
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Definition
| a cycle such as sleeping and waking that occurs daily |
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Definition
| parents provide care to offspring in the early stages of development |
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Definition
| performs action that benefits another individual at a cost to itself |
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