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| discovered DNA in 1800's. He isolated it from a nucleus and called it nucelin. |
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| explained that chromosomes transmit heredity from one generation to the next. Chromosomes consist of both DNA and Protien, so scientists were not sure which carried heredity information. |
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| discovered transformation when he showed that harmless bacteria could turn virulent when they were mixed with bacteria that casued disease. The search for the material responsible for transformation continued until 1944. |
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| demonstrated that DNA was responsible for transformation. They announced that the genetic material was DNA. |
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| showed that DNA not protien was the genetic material. |
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| discovered that the amount of adenine and thymine, and guanine and cytosine were equal. these findings were called Chargaff's rule or base pairing rules. |
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| discovered that DNA was in the shape of a double helix. |
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| the process of synthesizing a new strand of DNA. it begins at special sites called origins of replication. |
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| enzyme that unwinds the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that link complementary bases. |
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| Single Strand Binding Protiens |
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Definition
| protiens that hold the unpaired DNA strands during replication. |
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| y-shaped region where the new strands of DNA are elongating. |
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| the DNA strand synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction. |
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| a discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork. |
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| enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by adding nucleotides to the existing chain. |
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| excises the RNA primer and replases them with DNA. |
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| enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make primer. |
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| a short stretch of 10 RNA nucleotides. |
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| enzyme that connects okazaki fragments. |
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| consists of DNA wrapped around eight histone protien molecules and held together by another histone protien. A strand of DNA is about ^cm long, 1000x longer than the diameter of a cell. (must be ightly packed to fit) |
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| some genes are expressed and others are not. |
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| genes that are arranged in groups and regulated together. |
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| involves transcription of a gene and translation of the mRNA produced by transcription. Involves several stages. |
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| the information in DNA is transferred to mMRA. |
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| the information in mRNA is used to make a protien. occurs in cytoplasm. |
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| is a specific sequence DNA that acts as a start signal for transcription. |
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| nocoding sequences of RNA containing no information. |
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| segments that code for amino acids. |
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| one nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide. sometimes it has no effect sometimes it will. |
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| one or more nucleotides are added o or deleted from a gene. |
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| mutation inducing agent such as X-Rays and ultraviolet light. |
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| cancer causing agents such as asbestos and benzene. |
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| a disease caused by abnormal cell growth. |
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| a cancerous cell that proliferates into amass of cells. |
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