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Biology- Chapter 9
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11
Biology
9th Grade
11/03/2008

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Term
calorie
Definition
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
Term
glycolysis
Definition
The process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound. It also produces ATP and NADH.
Term
cellular respiration
Definition
the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Term
NAD+
Definition
electron carrier involved on glycolysis.
-Accepts a pair of high energy electrons. Holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules. NAD+ helps to pass energy from glucose to other pathways in the cell.
Term
fermentation
Definition
releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.
Term
aerobic
Definition
require oxygen
Term
Krebs cycle
Definition
pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions.
Makes carbon dioxide, NADH, ATP, and FADH2.
Term
electron transport chain
Definition
uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP
Term
alcoholic fermentation
Definition
converts glucose into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as wastes
Term
lactic acid fermentation
Definition
converts glucose into lactic acid
Term
The products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis. The products of photosynthesis are similar to the reactants of cellular respiration.
Definition
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