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Biology
First test
53
Biology
Undergraduate 3
09/06/2011

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Cards

Term
Multiple cells that are similar come together to form what?
Definition
Tissue cells
Term
Multiple tissue cells come together to form what?
Definition
Organs
Term
Multiple organ's come together to form what
Definition
Organ Systems
Term
Multiple Organ Systems come together to form
Definition
Body
Term
Plasma membrane
Definition
Regulates passage of material into the cell.
Term
Organelles
Definition
Internal structures in the cells that perform specific functions.
Term
Prokaryotic cells
Definition
Cells that don't have a nucleus, exclusive to bacteria and microscopic organisms.
Term
Eukaryotic cells
Definition
"true cells" Cells with a nucleus
Term
Biological growth
Definition
an Increase in cells
Term
development
Definition
All the changes that take place during an organisms life.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
Maintenance and regulation of metabolic processes.
Term
Enzymes
Definition
chemical reactions are regulated by protein molecules.
Term
What are the characteristics of life?
Definition
Living things are composed of cells

Living things grow

Living things regulat metabolism processes

Living things respond to stimuli

Living things move

Living things reproduce

Living things adapt
Term
How does Homeostasis tie in with the characteristics of life?
Definition
Homeostasis regulates the internal environment
Term
How are biological systems organized?
Definition
atoms
molecules
macromolecules
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
Term
How is information transferred in an organism
Definition
Chemical substances, electric impulses, hormones, neurotransmitters and their receptors
Term
How is information transference passed from generation to generation
Definition
Dna
Term
What is the basic unifying theme in biology?
Definition
Evolution
Term
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Definition
Identify the problem
Term
What is the second step in the scientific method?
Definition
Develop a testable hypothesis
Term
What is the third step in the Scientific Method?
Definition
Select information needed to test the hypothesis
Term
What is the fourth step in the Scientific Method
Definition
Experiment and Collect information
Term
What is the fifth step in the Scientific method
Definition
Analyze information , reject or accept hypothesis. IF rejected, reform hypothesis and test again.
Term
Deductive reasoning
Definition
Starting big and zeroing in on something small.
Term
Inductive reasoning
Definition
starting small and making a huge claim
Term
What is spontaneous generation
Definition
the belief that lower organisms could come from the remains of higher life
Term
What did Lamark do?
Definition
First scientist to propose a changing environment, not god, altered animal behavior.
Term
What did Malthus do?
Definition
Malthus (1798) Published "essay on the principle of populations as it affects the future improvement of society"... contributed that population growth is exponential.
Term
What did Charles Lyell do
Definition
"principles of geology" - Present structure of the earth is not the same, therefore, the earth is very old.
Term
What did Francesco Redi do?
Definition
Disproved spontaneous generation with the jar test
Term
What is Antony von Leewenhoek known for?
Definition
Created first microscopes by hand
Term
What did Pasteur experimentally verify?
Definition
That there was no spontaneous generation even in microbial life.
Term
What does variation mean in relation to Evolution
Definition
Individuals in a population vary
Term
What does overproduction mean in relation to evolution?
Definition
Reproduction can cause the population to increase geometrically or even exponentially overtime.
Term
what does limits on population growth mean in relation to evolution
Definition
There are only so many resources in a given environment.
Term
what does Differential reproductive success mean in relation to evolution?
Definition
Those individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
Term
What is a homologous feature in relation to evolution?
Definition
different appearance and function yet derive from same bone structure in common ancestor
Term
in relation to evolution, what is an analogus feature?
Definition
A similar evolution in various organisms, i.e. wings.
Term
What are the three basic parts of an atom?
Definition
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Term
What is an isotope?
Definition
An isotope is the differences in # of neutrons in an element.
Term
How do we determine the charge of an atom?
Definition
charge of an atom is #of electrons vs the number of protons.
Term
What is the OCtect rule?
Definition
Atoms tend to completely fill the outer energy shell with EIGHT electrons
Term
what is a covalent bond
Definition
two atoms share one or more pair of electrons.
Term
Ionic bonds
Definition
opposite charges hold together two ions, usually into a lattice configuration - salts
Term
what is a hydrogen bond
Definition
bond that exists between two polar molecules NOT TWO HYDROGEN.
Term
Why doesn't water evaporate at room temperature?
Definition
It has a high specific heat
Term
What is a chemical reaction?
Definition
a non physical change between atoms
Term
What is a nutrient?
Definition
A substance used in biosynthesis and energy release
Term
Differences between Macro and Micro nutriets?
Definition
Macro nutrients are needed in large amounts (carbon oxygen iron etc)

Micro, to a much lesser extent, zinc, nickel etc.
Term
What is an autotroph?
Definition
an animal capable of producing it's own nutrients
Term
What makes an organism a heterotroph
Definition
Heterophs must get their nutrients from outside sources
Term
Why is carbon often the primary building block of life?
Definition
Carbon is capable of 4 covalent bonds, it will bond to almost anything.
Term
What type of bonds does carbon typically form?
Definition
Covalent, polar, single double tripple
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