Term
| Name at least 3 three things that living organisms share the basic characteristics |
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Definition
· they require nutrition
· they respire
· they excrete their waste
· they respond to their surroundings
· they move
· they control their internal conditions
· they reproduce
· they grow and develop. |
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Term
| describe the common features in Plants |
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Definition
These are multicellular organisms; they contain chloroplasts and are able to
carry out photosynthesis; they have cellulose cell walls; they store
carbohydrates as
starch or sucrose.
Examples include flowering plants, such as a cereal (for example maize) and a
herbaceous legume (for example peas or beans). |
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Term
| describe the common features of Animals |
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Definition
These are multicellular organisms; they do not contain chloroplasts and are
not able to carry out photosynthesis; they have no cell walls; they usually have nervous
coordination and are able to move from one place to another; they often store
carbohydrate as glycogen.
Examples include mammals (for example humans) and insects (for example housefly
and mosquito). |
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Term
| describe the common features of Fungi |
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Definition
These are organisms that are not able to carry out photosynthesis; their body is
usually organised into a mycelium made from thread like structures called hyphae,
which contain many nuclei; some examples are single-celled; they have cell walls made
of chitin; they feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material
and absorption of the organic products; this is known as saprotrophic nutrition; they
may store carbohydrate as glycogen.
Examples include Mucor, which has the typical fungal hyphal structure, and yeast
which is single-celled. |
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Term
| describe the common features in Bacteria |
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Definition
These are microscopic single celled organisms; they have a cell wall, cell
membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids; they lack a nucleus but contain a circular
chromosome of DNA; some bacteria can carry out photosynthesis but most feed off
other living or dead organisms.
Examples include Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a rod shaped bacterium used in the
production of yoghurt from milk, and Pneumococcus, a spherical bacterium that acts as
the pathogen causing pneumonia |
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Term
| describe the common features in Protoctists |
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Definition
| These are microscopic single-celled organisms. Some, like Amoeba, that live in pond water have features like an animal cell, while others, like Chlorella, have chloroplasts and are more like plants. A pathogenic example is Plasmodium, responsible for causing malaria. |
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Term
| describe the common features in Viruses |
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Definition
| These are small particles, smaller than bacteria; they are parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells; they infect every type of living organism. They have a wide variety of shapes and sizes; they have no cellular structure but have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA. Examples include the tobacco mosaic virus that causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts, the influenza virus that causes ‘flu’ and the HIV virus that causes AIDS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathogens are organisms that cause harm to the host. Pathogens may be fungi, bacteria, protocists or viruses |
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Term
| Describe the levels of organisation within organisms |
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Definition
| organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and systems |
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Term
| Describe the functions of a nucleus |
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Definition
| Nucleus, contains all genetic informatinon and controls the cells purposes (controls the activities of the cell) |
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Term
| Label the picture below[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the function of a cytoplasm |
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Definition
| its a jelly like substance that holds all the cells in place |
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Term
| Describe the functions of a cell membrane |
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Definition
| Controls which substances pass in either direction |
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Term
| Describe the functions of a cell wall |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the functions of a chloroplast |
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Definition
| this is where photosynthesis takes place |
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Term
| Describe the functions of a vacuole |
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Definition
| holds the water in the cell |
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Term
| Give one difference between a plant and animal cell |
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Definition
animal cells have a Round (irregular shape)and plants have a Round (irregular shape
Animal cells don't have chloroplasts and Plant cells have chloroplasts because they make their own food
Animal cells have one or more small vacuoles and Plant cells have one large vacuole
Animal cells don't have a cell wall but plant cells do |
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Term
| What is the chemical element present in carbohydrates |
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Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen |
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Term
What is the chemical element present in
protein |
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Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen |
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Term
What is the chemical element present in
lipids |
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Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen |
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Term
| Describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids |
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Definition
| their large molecules made up from smaller basic units: starch and glycogen from simple sugar; protein from amino acids and lipids from fatty acids and glycerol |
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Term
| Describe the test for glucose and starch |
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Definition
Glucose is tested for by Benedict ( heat) turns from Blue to Brick red
Starch is tested for by Iodine ( no heat) turns from yellow to blue black |
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Term
| What is the role of enzymes |
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Definition
biological catalyst in metabolic reactions
(they control chemical reactions that go on in a cell) |
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Term
| how can the functions of enzymes be affected |
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Definition
| by changes in the temperature |
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Term
| Describe how to carry out simple controlled experiments to illustrate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in temperature |
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Definition
Amylase heated above 60 0C will not change starch to sugar
Osmosis was the potato one done last year that I went through last lesson (page125-126)
The factors listed will cause the rate of movement to move |
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Term
| What is the definition of diffusion |
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Definition
| Diffusion if the net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
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Term
| What is the definition of osmosis |
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Definition
| osmosis in cells is the net movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution across the partially permeable cell membrane |
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Term
| What is the definition of active transport |
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Definition
| Active transport is the movement of particles against a concentration gradient, using energy respiration |
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Term
| What can be the movement of substances into and out of cells |
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Definition
| diffusion, osmosis and active transport |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the Photosynthesis equation |
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Definition
carbon dioxide+Water sunlight >glucose+oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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Term
| where does all energy we eat originally come from |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does photosynthesis need |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and light |
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Term
| what is the process of digestion |
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Definition
| The digestive process begins in the mouth. Food is partly broken down by the process of chewing and by the chemical action of salivary enzymes.In the stomach the stomach acid breaks down the food even more.Then it goes into the small intestine where it breaks down the food even more. then it goes into the large intestine where it sucks out the liquid. |
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Term
| name a carbohydrate food and what enzyme breaks it down |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a protein food and what enzyme breaks it down |
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Definition
|
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Term
| name a lipid food and what enzyme breaks it down |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the origin of Carbon dioxide and oxygen |
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Definition
| the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of metabolism and their loss from the stomata of a leaf |
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Term
Label diagram below
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Organs of Excretion |
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Definition
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Term
label diagram below
[image] |
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Definition
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