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Biology
Vocabulary for Science
32
Biology
10th Grade
10/05/2010

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Term
acid
Definition
any sibstance that forms hydrogen ions in water and has pH below 7
Term
base
Definition
any substance that forms hydroxideions in water and has a pH above 7
Term
ion
Definition
atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons
Term
metabolism
Definition
all of the chemical reactions that occor within an organism
Term
pH
Definition
measure of how acid or basic a solution is
Term
diffusion
Definition
net, random movement of particles from an area or higher concentration to an area of flower concentration
Term
polar molecule
Definition
molecule with an unequal distribution of charge
Term
amino acid
Definition
basic building blocks of protein molecules
Term
carbohydrates
Definition
organic compound used by cells to store and release energy
Term
enzyme
Definition
type of protein found in all living things that increases the rate of chemical reactions
Term
lipid
Definition
organic compounds community called fats and oils.
Term
nucleic acid
Definition
complex macromolecules such as RNA and DNA, that store genetic information in cells in the form of a code.
Term
protein
Definition
large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur.
Term
cell
Definition
basic unit of all organisms
Term
eukaryote
Definition
unicellular or multicellular organisms, such as yeast, plants, and animals, composed of eukaryotic cells, which contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Term
nucleas
Definition
positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons surrounding by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
Term
organelle
Definition
membrane-bound structures within eukaryotic cells.
Term
prokaryote
Definition
unicellular organisms, such as bacteria composed of prokaryote cells.
Term
plasma membrane
Definition
serves as boundry between the cell and its environment.
Term
permeable
Definition
a substance membrane or material that absorbs or allows the passage of water.
Term
cell wall
Definition
firm, fairly rigid structure lovated outside the plasma membrane or plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists
Term
cilia
Definition
short, numerous, hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubles
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
clear, gelatinous fluid in eukaryotic cells that suspends the cell's organelles and is the site of numerous chemical reactions.
Term
endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.)
Definition
organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of highly folded membranes surrounded in cytoplasm.
Term
flagella
Definition
long, hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubles.
Term
Golg apparatus
Definition
organelle in eukaryotic cells with a system of flattened tubular membranes
Term
lysosome
Definition
organelles that contain digestive enzymes
Term
mitochondria
Definition
eukarytoc membrane-bound organelles that tranform energy stored in food molecules into ATP
Term
ribosomes
Definition
nonmembrane-bound organelles in the nucleus where enzymes and other proteins are assembled
Term
vacuole
Definition
membrane-bound fluid-filled space in the cytoplasm of plant cells used for the temporary storage of materials
Term
osmosis
Definition
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane depending on the comcemtration of solutes on either side of the membrane
Term
actice transport
Definition
energy-expending process by which cells transport materials across the cells membrande against a concentration gradient
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