Term
|
Definition
| Substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fundamental structural unit of matter.
i.e. The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structural unit of an atom that has a positive charge and is in the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structural unit of an atom that has a neutral charge and is in the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structural unit of an atom that has a negative charge and orbits around the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Number of protons in the nucleus and number of electrons orbiting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Total mass of protons (=1), neutrons (=1), and electrons (0). --protons+neutrons = ____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elements with the same # of protons and different # of neutrons |
|
|
Term
| Electrons balance protons |
|
Definition
| distributed in electron shells / occupy closest shell until its full / nucleus = stable and resists energy change / electrons = interactive, capture and release energy, and capable of forming chemical bonds |
|
|
Term
| Electrons can capture and release energy |
|
Definition
1. an electron absorbs energy
2. the energy boosts the electron to a higher-energy shell
3. The electron drops back into lower-energy shel, releasing energy as light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967 for PHOTOTRANSDUCTION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 11-cis retinal alters in order for us to see light producing this atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atoms interact when there are vacancies in the outermost shell. Electrons are central to sharing molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Ionic Bonds
2. Covalent Bonds
3. Hydrogen Bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed among charged atoms or ions through electron transfer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed between uncharged atoms through sharing electrons . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The charge is evenly distributed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The charge is slightly positive and slightly negative. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attractive forces between a hydrogen atom (with a positive charge) and a polar molecule (with a negative charge) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. cohesion 2. surface tension 3. adhesion
4. plants = vascular system used to pull the water molecules up followed by a hydrogen when evaporating
5. solvent properties 6. hydrophilic 7. hydrophobic
8. solutions can be acidic, basic, or neutral
9. specific heat is very high 10. heat of vaporization is very high
11. solid form is less dense than liquid form (unusual) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules of one type stick together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules are strongest at the surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules stick to a polar surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substance that completely surrounds and disperses other substances (dissolves) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules that dissolve in water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules that don't dissolve in water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 7 on the ph scale (constant) accepts or releases a Hydrogen molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is very high and energy is required to heat 1g by 1 degree C |
|
|
Term
| Heat vaporization of water |
|
Definition
| is very high and energy is required to convert liquid water to vapor (gas) |
|
|
Term
| Solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water |
|
Definition
| Unusual characteristic of water. |
|
|
