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| anything that has mass and volume |
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| three (3) states of matter |
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| observed and measured without permanently changing the identity of the matter (ex. melting ice to water, candle to liquid) |
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| chemical properties describe |
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| a substance's ability to change into another new substance as a result of a chemical change (ex. burning of coal) |
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- positively charged particle (+)
- located in the nucleus of the atom
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| represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom for a given element |
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- neutral - no electrical charge
- located in the nucleus of the atom
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| represents the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
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| atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons |
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- negatively charged (-)
- around the nucleus of an atom very fast
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| chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons |
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| chemical bond formed by the transferring of electrons |
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| combination of two or more different atoms in the definite proportions |
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| a molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed |
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water molecules are considered to be one of the most important __ __ on Earth
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| the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with one another. (is what creates or causes surface tension) |
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| the ability of water molecules to attract to other substances |
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| is a material compound composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined (ex. salt and peper, sugar and water) |
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| a mixture in which one substance is dissolved by another and the molecules are evenly distributed throughout the solution |
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| the substance that does the dissolving |
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| the substance that IS dissolved |
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| a mixture of water and nondissolved materials (ex. oil and water) |
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| compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) into solution. (from the scale- 6 and down) |
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| compounds that release hydroxide ions (OH-) into solution |
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| system to measure the relative concentration on hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution |
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| weak acids or bases that help neutralize the pH of cell fluids |
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Controlling pH is important of maintaining ___. |
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| investigate; understand; predictions |
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The goal of science is to ___ and ___ the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful ___.
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- the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses
- raises ? about natural world
- involves gathering and collecting data
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expressed by counting or measuring (quantity of something) |
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| descriptive (skin appears to be dry and flaky.) |
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- Observation
- Forming a Hypotheses
- Experiment
- Conclusion
- Develop a Theory
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Order of Scientific Method
(O, H, E, C, T) |
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| a valid hypothesis must be ___. |
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| components of an experiment that can be changed or manipulated |
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| Hypothesis must be __ to determine if it is correct or incorrect. |
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| variable that is deliberately changed in an experiment |
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| variable that is measured or observed |
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| one of the ones in the group can not be changed |
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| theory (also accepted as scientific principle) |
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| a set of related hypotheses that have been tested and confirmed many times by may scientist |
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| quick and easy visual interpretation of the data that has been collected |
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| Line graph; Bar graph; Pie Charts |
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- used to show trends or relationships
- used to show comparisons
- used to show precentages
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| compound light microscopes |
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Definition
| use light to pass through specimen to form and image (magnifying objects - 1000x) |
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| transmission electron microscope (TEM) |
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Definition
- transmits electrons through the specimen
- ideal for showing great detail inside of the cell
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| scanning electron microscope (SEM) |
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Definition
- transmits electrons across the surface of the specimen
- ideal for creating a 3D image of the specimen
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| biology (bio: life; logy: study of) |
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Definition
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- Made up of cells
- Reproduce
- Genetic Code
- Grow and Develop
- Require Energy
- Respond and Adapt
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Definition
6 characteristics of all living organisms
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| organisms that consist of only one cell |
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| multicellular (humans - 100 trillion cells) |
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| most organisms that we are familiar with consist of millions or even trillions of cells |
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| two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism |
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| involves only ONE parent. offspring are genetically identical to the parent |
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| Binary fission and budding |
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Definition
| two types of asexual reproduction are: |
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| unicellular organism simply divides in half to form tow new organisms |
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| part of the parent pinches off and forms a new organism |
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| deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA |
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Definition
| inherited traits of all organisms are based on a genetic code that is carried by a specific molecule |
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| total sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms |
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