Term
|
Definition
| An animal ignores a stimulus to which it is subjected continually |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An animal learns that a particular outcome is connected with a particular stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A new stimulus is presented in combination with a natural stimulus. The animal transfers its response from the natural stimulus to the new stimulus |
|
|
Term
| Operant (instrumental) conditioning |
|
Definition
| An animal responds to a new stimulus. It is rewarded or punished following its respose. Eventually, the animal associates the reward of punishment with the stimulus and responds appropriately to the stimulus. |
|
|
Term
| Observational learning (imitation) |
|
Definition
| An animal imitates the behaviors of others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An animal moves through and observes the elements of its environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An animal learns specific, predetermined activity at a specific time in life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An animal understands the connection betwen things it had no way of experiencing previously |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of living beings from one place to another and back |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Develop search image. Make a picture in their mind of what they will hunt. get most food at least expense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any kind of interaction between 2 or more living things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also known as peck order. group knows his is number 1,2,3 in a group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area individuals defend. area has all resources to attract mate and raise young. Females pick best male to produce with. contains best resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cortship behavior cortship rituals to calm male bird down. also to make sure breeding with right species. providing organization |
|
|
Term
| Natural selection, due to environment |
|
Definition
| life must adapt to environment for survival |
|
|
Term
| Natural selection bottleneck effect |
|
Definition
only a few organisms make it through.
Survivors breed and strong survive
Offspring will have surviving genetics |
|
|
Term
| Natural selection founder effect |
|
Definition
| species ends up in a different location and founding population gives genetics to offspring |
|
|
Term
| Natural selection survival |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Directional selection survival |
|
Definition
| one extreme of the others is not good |
|
|
Term
| Diversifying selection survival |
|
Definition
| Situation in which average is bad, both extremes are good. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binomial Nomenclature- Classified living things by two latin words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heterotrophs, classified by means of reproduction. act as decomposers in the world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Morels, Chestnut Blight, Dutch elm disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
consists of two different organisms. needs each other to survive
Green algae- photosynthesizes, sugar for fungus
Fungus- Provides shade for algae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contains Vascular Tissue
Xylem: moves water
Phloem: Moves sugar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Waxy covering on outside of plant. water cannot escape plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mosses, don not have cuticle or vascular tissue.
only found in moist, marshy places |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can grow tall due to vascular tissue
a) seedless vascular plants, ferns, horsetails
b)seed vascular plants
i)gymnosperms naked seed. seeds are not endosed in a fruit pinecones.
conifers
ii)angiosperms, contained seed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no internal support structure 97% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internal support structure (bone or cartlidge) 3% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sponges, simplest animals, Filters food. no tissues, bunch of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jelly fish, have tissues, all have tentacles and inject nerve poison |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tape worms, flat worms, first to have head like structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3D structure, body cavity for organs. pinworms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soft-bodied animal, fist to have a circulatory system, second largest animal group live in shells.. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
squid, octopus, relies on moving fast
mantle-membrane that produces shell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| earthworms, has segments. precursors to feet, leeches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Joint footed, invented feet, most species of anything else, exoskeleton made of chitin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites suck body fluids from prey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all except 1 are aquatic. lobster, crab, shrimp, crawdads. pillbugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| living possbile, identical forms, compared to millions of years ago |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a change in the frequency of genetically determined characteristics within a population over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when there are minor differences in allele frequency between populations of the same species, as when scientists examine genetic differences between subspecies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when there are major differences that have occurred over long periods that have resulted in so much genetic change that new kinds of species are produced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are traits gained during an organism's life and not determined genetically. |
|
|
Term
| Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace |
|
Definition
Suggested the theory of Natural Selection
Natural Selection- the idea that some individuals whose genetic combinations favor life in their surroundings are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes to the next generation than are individuals who have unfavorable genetic combinations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
animal splits into 2
ex. flatworms, sea stars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
new individual arises as an outgrowth
ex. hydra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
insect lays egg, unfertilized, that develops into an adult
ex. bees, insects |
|
|
Term
| sexual- External fertilization |
|
Definition
dropping sperm and egg off
ex. fishes, insects, female will drop a whole bunch of eggs and males drop a whold bunch of sperm in same spot. Hopefully some adults come out of it, sometimes doesnt work-eggs are eaten, current takes them off, takes LOTS of ENERGY |
|
|
Term
| sexual-Internal fertilization |
|
Definition
sperm and egg are together when dropped
ex. greatly improves probability fertilization output, reptiles first started this. Offspring remains in female until it is born. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in DNA that cannot be tied to a particular factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs within animal populations when some individuals are chosen as mates more frequently than others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when individuals at the extremes of the range of a characteristic are consistently selected against |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when individuals at one extreme of the range of a characteristic are consistently selected for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of genes from one generation to the next as a result of reproduction or from one region to another by migration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| necessary for new species to develop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition of having multiple sets of chromosomes, rather than the normal haploid or diploid number |
|
|
Term
| ecological isolating mechanisms |
|
Definition
| occur when two species do not have the opportunity to interbreed because they typically live indifferent ecologiecal settings. |
|
|
Term
| seasonal isolating mechanisms |
|
Definition
| are effective genetic isolating mechanisms. (differences in the time of year at which reproduction takes place) |
|
|
Term
| Behavioral isolaing mechanisms |
|
Definition
| occur when inborn behavior patterns prevent breeding between species |
|
|
Term
| morphological isolating mechanisms |
|
Definition
| involve differences in the structure of organisms. |
|
|
Term
| Biochemical isolating mechanisms |
|
Definition
| occur when molecular incompatibility prevents successful mating |
|
|
Term
| Hybrid inviability, infertility mechanisms |
|
Definition
| prevent the offspring of two diferent species from continuing to reproduce |
|
|
