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| A feature of an organism, in terms of its structure, function, or behavior, that is suitable to the environment and increases the organism's reproductive success |
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| multicellular, heterotrophic organism belonging to the animal kingdom |
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| one of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells, called archaea, that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characterstics |
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| one of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells called bacteria that differ from archaea because they have their own unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics |
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| observable, coordinated responses to environmental stimuli |
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| total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the communities in which they live |
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| that portion of Earth's surface where living things exist |
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| structural and functional unit of an organism; the smallest structure capable of performing all the functions necessary for life |
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| one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; class is the taxon above the order level |
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| assemblage of populations interacting with one another within the same environment |
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| statement made following an experiment as to whether the results support the hypothesis |
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| sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked |
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| facts or pieces of information collected through observation and/or experimentation |
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| process of logic and reasoning using "if. . .then" statements |
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| series of stages by which a zygote becomes an organism or by which an organism changes during its life span; includes puberty and aging, for example |
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| largest of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya |
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| biological community together with the associated abiotic environment; characterized by energy flow and chemical cycling |
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| capacity to do work and bring about change; occurs in variety of forms |
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| one of the three domains of life, consisting of eukaryotes, which are organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia |
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| type of cell that has a membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles; found in organisms within the domain Eukarya |
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| changes that occur in the members of a species with the passage of time, often resulting in increased adaptation of organisms to the environment |
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| a test that controls the conditions under which experimental observations are made. the experimental design should control all factors except the one that researchers are interested in |
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| a treatment that is varied in an experiment to test a hypothesis. For example, an experimental variable may be four different nitrogen levels added to a plant species to determine how each affects plant growth |
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| one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the genus level |
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| saprotrophic decomposer; the body is made up of filaments called hyphae that form a mass called a mycelium; mushrooms and molds |
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| unit of heredity existing as alleles on the chromosomes; in diploid organisms, typically two alleles are inherited-one from each parent |
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| one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; contains those species that are most closely related through evolution |
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| maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means of self-regulating mechanisms |
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| supposition formulated after making an observation; it can be tested by obtaining more data, often by experimentation |
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| using specific observations and the process of logic and reasoning to arrive at a hypothesis |
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| the taxonomic grouping above phylum. There are six kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria |
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| theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists |
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| all of the chemical changes that occur within a cell |
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| in an experiment, an organism that serves as a representative for the organism of interest. For example, mice are a model for much human disease or pharmaceutical research |
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| mechanism of evolution caused by environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce; results in adaptation to the environment |
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| step in the scientific method by which data are collected before a conclusion is drawn |
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| one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the family level |
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| combination of two or more different tissues performing a common function |
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| group of related organs working together |
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| something that a scientist observes in nature, such as the law of gravity. If this phenomenon is unexplained, a scientist may wish to test it by formulating a hypothesis to explain it and then conducting an experiment to test that hypothesis |
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| one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the class level |
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| multicellular, usually photosynthetic organism belonging to the plant kingdom |
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| group of organisms of the same species occupying a certain area and sharing a common gene pool |
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| a prediction results from a hypothesis and is usually stated in an "if. . . then" way. For example, if the hypothesis is "My car won't start because the battery is dead," then the prediction should be "If I charge the battery, then my car will start." |
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| theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists; also called a law |
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| lacking a membrane-bounded nuvleus and organelles; a prokaryotic cell is the cell type within the domains Bacteria and Archaea |
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| member of the kingodm Protista, one of the six kingdoms in the classification of organisms |
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| to make more of themselves |
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| a variable that is measured in an experiment due to a treatment (such as plant growth under natural versus enhanced nitrogen levels) |
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| concept supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and conclusions |
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| group of similarly constructed organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring; organisms that share a common gene pool |
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| the discipline of identifying and classifying organisms according to their evolutionary relationships |
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| the assignment of a binomial, or two-part name, to each species |
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| the science or study of the practical or industrial arts |
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