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Definition
| DNA and associated protiens (not condensed) |
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| DNA and associated protiens (condensed) |
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| complete complement of an organism's chromosomes |
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| a structure found free in the cytosol or the RER, where protiens are synthesized in the cell |
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| Tht 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not include the 23rd pair of CC or XY |
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| Cells that go through mitosis; cells not destined to become gametes; diploid |
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Definition
| Brings in the nucleotides to replicate DNA |
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| unwinds the DNA in the process of DNA replication |
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Definition
| the cells produced by meiosis in your testes and ovaries, haploid; sperm egg |
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| non-sex cell--all the cells in your body except the ones to become oocytes and sperm |
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Term
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| (n), one chromosome of each type for every cell (for humans it's 23) |
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Term
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| (2n), two chromosomes of each type (one from mom and one from dad -- 46 [23pairs] for humans) |
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Definition
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| 2 of the same type of chromosome (1 pair, 1 from mom and 1 from dad) |
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Term
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Definition
| replicated/duplicated chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes replicated/duplicated |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of homologous chromosomes to separate after crossing over, resulting in gametes with abnormal numbers of chromosomes, Down Syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| The independent positioning of homologous pairs of chromosomes in meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| exchange of genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids, producing sister chromatids that are not identical to each other |
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Definition
| Permanent alteration in DNA, providing new genetic material for evolution |
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| messenger RNA, codes the message from the DNA in the nucleus during transcription |
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Definition
| brings in the amino acids during translation (protien synthesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| brings in the nucleotides in the making of mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| triplet of nucleotides in the mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| triplet of nucleotides in the tRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| first phase of protien synthesis, takes place in nucleus, the synthesis of a mRNA from DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| second phase of protien synthesis, takes place in cytosol, process whereby mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protien |
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Term
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Definition
| sequence of nucleotides in hereditary material that encodes for a polypeptide |
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| having 2 identical alleles for a trait |
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Definition
| having 2 different alleles for a trait |
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| form of trait that's expressed |
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Definition
| form of a trait that is masked by the dominant allele |
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Definition
| crossing individuals involving only 1 trait |
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Definition
| crossing individuals involving 2 traits |
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Definition
| a situtation where neither member of a pair of alleles exhibits dominance over the other |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to traits in which the alternative forms of an allele are both dominant |
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Definition
| more than two alleles for a trait (blood type) |
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Definition
| trait influenced by more than one gene |
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Definition
| more than 2 homologous chromosomes of each type |
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Term
| Structural changes within/between chromosomes |
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Definition
| deletions, inversions, translations, duplications |
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Term
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Definition
| aminocentesis, chronic villus sampling, fetal cells derived from maternal circulation |
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Definition
| use/alteration of living organisms, cells or biological molecules to achieve practical goals (products) |
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Definition
| DNA that has been altered by the recombination of genes |
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Definition
| an enzyme, normally found in bacterisa, that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences, the nucleotide sequence that is cut differs between different versions of this enzyme |
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Definition
| a small curcular piece of DNA in cytoplasm of many bacteria; normally doesn't carry genes required for normal functioning but can carry genes that assist bacterial survival |
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Definition
| a virus specialized to attack bacteria |
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Term
polymerase chain reaction
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Definition
| tprocess used to amplify DNA (makes additional copies) |
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Definition
| the process by which the characteristics of organisms in a population change over time |
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| unequal survival/reproduction of organisms due to environmental forces, resulting in the preservation of favorable traits |
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| similar anatomy due to common ancestry, but may serve a different function--divergent evolution |
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| different anatomy (may look similar) but similar function, due to similar environmental pressures--convergent evolution |
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Definition
| structures fully developed in one group and functional, yes reduced with no apparent function in others |
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| structural or behavorial feature that "fits" an organism to its environment |
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