Term
he antigenic type (e.g., A, B, C)
The host of origin (e.g., swine, equine, chicken, etc. For human-origin viruses, no host of origin designation is given.)
Geographical origin (e.g., Denver, Taiwan, etc.)
Strain number (e.g., 15, 7, etc.)
Year of isolation (e.g., 57, 2009, etc.)
For influenza A viruses, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigen description in parentheses (e.g., (H1N1), (H5N1) |
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Definition
| How is the name of an influenza strain determined by these? |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template in reverse transcription. |
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Term
| Protons(+) and neutrons(-) in the nucleus. Electrons(0) surround. |
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Definition
| What are the parts of an atom, their locations and charges? |
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Term
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Definition
| A weak chemical bond formed between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom in a molecule and a partially negatively charged atom in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule |
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Definition
| A chemical bond that results from the mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions |
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Definition
| A chemical bond formed when outer shell electrons are shared between atoms |
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Definition
| A chemical bond where electrons shared by the atoms spend a greater amount of time, on the average, closer to the Oxygen nucleus than the Hydrogen nucleus. |
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Term
>7 more basic
=7 neutral
< 7 more acidic |
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Definition
| what pH means and be able to distinguish acidic from basic or neutral solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| the conversion of a vapor or gas to a liquid |
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Term
| the basic structure of triglyceride is glycerol and three fatty acids |
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Definition
| basic structure of a triglyceride |
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Term
| Temporarily combining with the substrates in the reaction. The substrate molecule will combine temporarily with one enzyme type, and the active site of a particular enzyme will fit only one kind of substrate |
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Definition
| how an enzyme works and what it does in terms of lowering activation energy, substrate specificity |
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Term
| Ttemperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators. |
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Definition
| factors that affect the rate of an enzymatic reaction |
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Term
-Smallest unit of life
-Make up living things
-Come form preexisting ells |
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Definition
| What are the basic tenants of the Cell Theory |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of substances from high to lower concentration with aid from a membrane protein that either transports the substance from one side of the membrane to the other or forms a channel through which it can move |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of diffusion in which water moves across the plasma membrane or any other selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower concentration of solute to a region of higher concentration of solute |
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Term
| The water will flow into the cell (the inside gets less concentrated while the outside gets less dilute) |
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Definition
| Which way water will move if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution |
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Term
| The water will flow out of the cell (the inside gets more concentrated while the outside gets more dilute) |
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Definition
| Which way water will move if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution |
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Term
| The same amount of water that enters the cell will exit the cell |
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Definition
| Which way will water will move if a cell is placed in a isotonic solution |
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Term
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Definition
| A nucleotide that consists of the sugar ribose, the base adenine, and three phosphate groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Which step(s) in ATP production occur in the cytoplasm? |
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Term
| Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain occur in the mitochondria. |
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Definition
| Which step(s) occur in the mitochondria? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which steps in ATP production are oxygen dependent? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which step produces the most ATP? |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ donate electrons by providing an hydrogen molecule to the oxygen molecule to create water during the electron transport chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any of various molecules that are capable of accepting one or two electrons from one molecule and donating them to another in the process of electron transport. As the electrons are transferred from one electron carrier to another, their energy level decreases, and energy is released. |
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Term
| Cellular respiration requires oxygen and produces more energy while fermentation can be undergone without oxygen and produces less energy |
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Definition
| What is the difference between respiration and fermentation? |
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Term
| Melanin gives color to the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes. Levels of melanin depend on race and amount of sunlight exposure. Sun exposure increases melanin production - to protect the skin against harmful ultraviolet rays. In addition, hormonal changes can affect melanin production. |
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Definition
| Why do we make melanin? What is it produced in response to? |
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Term
| The extracellular matrix of bone tissue is largely composed of collagen and inorganic salts. Collagen gives the bone its strength and resilience, and inorganic salts make it hard and resistant to crushing. |
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Definition
| What is the ECM of bone made of? |
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Term
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilaginous callus developes over a 3 to 4 week period.
Bony callus begins forming after 3 to 4 weeks after injury and is prominent 2 to 3 months following the injury. Remoldeling. |
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Definition
| How is a bone fracture healed? (steps) |
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Definition
| Firm gelatinous matrix containing protein fibers. At the ends of bones. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A connective tissue found in the shaft of long bones that stores fat. It forms from red marrow, and, if the need arises, it can confer back to red marrow and form blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood cell-forming connective tissue found in the marrow cavity of certain bones |
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Term
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Definition
| The soft material filling the cavities in bones. |
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Term
| Parathyroid glands which tends to increase blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts and (thyro)calcitonin from the thyroid gland which tends to decrease blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts, thus decreasing bone resorption, and, simultaneously, increasing bone mineralization because the osteoblasts are still active |
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Definition
| What is the role of Calcitonin in stimulating bone remodeling in response to blood calcium levels |
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Term
| reduces pain in patients with osteoarthritis |
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Definition
| Role in PCH in stimulating bone remodeling in response to blood calcium levels |
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Term
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Definition
| can be used to identify RBC surface antigens (with known antibodies) or to screen for antibodies (with RBCs with known surface antigens). |
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Term
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Definition
| The enzyme helps viruses to be released from a host cell. |
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Definition
| The process by which polymers are broken apart by the addition of water |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of molecules across the plasma membrane, usually against a concentration gradient from a region of lower concentration to one of a higher concentration using a carrier protein and energy of ATP. |
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Term
| The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom of an element. - atomic mass |
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Definition
| How do you find the number of protons? |
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Term
| equal numbers of protons and electrons - atomic mass |
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Definition
| How do you find the number of electrons? |
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Term
| rounded atomic mass - atomic number |
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Definition
| How do you find the number of neutrons? |
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