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Biology2
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Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/23/2014

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Term
Louis Pasteur
Definition
Came up with the Cell Theory. Defined that cells come from preexisting cells
Term
Diffustion
Definition
High to low concentration within the gradient
Term
No
Definition
Cl- , K+ , Na+. ons. Can they pass?
Term
No
Definition
Glucose and sucrose. Large, uncharged polar molecules. Can they pass?
Term
Yes
Definition
H2o and Glycerol. Small,uncharged polar molecules. Can they pass?
Term
Yes
Definition
o2, Co2, N2. Small non polar molecules. Can they pass?
Term
True
Definition
TRUE OR FALSE: Higher permeable molecules are more likely to get through the bilayer.
Term
Tonice
Definition
Prefix that means "ion concentration"
Term
Hyper
Definition
Above
Term
Hypo
Definition
Below
Term
Organelles
Definition
Internal cell structures (often membrane-bound) that serve as the "little organs" of cells that allow them to survive and reproduce. They are found extensively in eukaryotic cells.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Contains almost all of the genetic information of the cell. Surrounded by nuclear envelope.
Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
Double membrane that allows communication through nuclear pores
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
An extensive network of channels connoted to the plasma membrane, the nuclear envelope, and certain organelles
Term
Rough ER
Definition
Contains ribosomes that guide the production of proteins and is studded with ribosomes
Term
Smooth ER
Definition
Lacks ribosomes and is involved in the production of phospholipids and detoxification
Term
Golgi Complex
Definition
Consists of series of interconnected, flattened membranous sacs. Cell products are packaged in vesicles and transferred to the Golgi complex for processing and packaging
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Contain enzymes that break down macromolecules, old organelles, and invaders
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Sites of cellular respiration. Provide cell with energy through the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP. Double-membrane organelle. Contains inner foldings that provide increased membrane surface for cellular respiration
Term
Cristae
Definition
Inner foldings in mitochondria to increase surface area
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Provides shape and support for the cell and is composed of microtubules (thickest), intermediate filaments, and microfilaments (thinnest)
Term
Intermediate filaments
Definition
Filaments that tend to be more permanent. Protein composition varies from one type of cell to another. Rope-like fibers that maintain cell shape and anchor organelles
Term
Microfilaments
Definition
Made of the protein actin. Function in muscle contraction, form a band that pinches cell in two during cell division
Term
`Glucose , H 6 H 12 O 6
Definition
The "input" molecule that stores potential energy in its chemical bonds
Term
Oxygen Gas, O2
Definition
An "input" molecule to some energy pathways that helps process high-energy electrons
Term
NADH, FADH2
Definition
Molecules that can carry high energy electrons to other areas of the cell
Term
Carbon Dioxide, CO2
Definition
A waste product molecule of cellular respiration
Term
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Definition
The high-energy "output" of respiration reactions that is the "fuel" for all other metabolic reactions in a cell
Term
Made for use in the cells through Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Reactions
Definition
How is ATP made?
Term
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Definition
Making ATP when O2 is present
Term
Fermentation Reactions
Definition
Making ATP when O2 is NOT present
Term
Input: 1 Glucose, 2 ATP
Output: 4ATP (2 net ATP), 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate
Definition
Inputs and Outputs of Glycolysis in the cell cytoplasm
Term
Inputs: 2 Pyruvate
Outputs: NADH, fed back into glycolysis
Definition
Inputs and Outputs of Fermentation in the cell cytoplasm
Term
Allows cells to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis. You need NAD+ to keep breaking down glucose to make ATP.
Definition
Why Fermentation?
Term
Inputs: 2 Pyruvate, O2
Outputs: 2 CO2, 2 Acetyl CoEnzyme A, 2 NADH
Definition
Inputs and outputs of Pyruvate Processing in the Mitochondrial Matrix
Term
Inputs 2Acetyl CoA
Outputs: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2
Definition
Inputs and Outputs of the Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle in the Mitochondrial Matrix
Term
Inputs: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2
Outputs: 26 ATP, H2O
Definition
Inputs and outputs of Chemiosmosis & The Electron Transport Chain in the Mitochondrial Membrane
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
(Simple sugar) Monomers are the molecules that most cells "want" to use to make ATP
Term
Anabolic Metabolism
Definition
Building up biological molecules for use in the cell
Term
Catabolic Metabolism
Definition
Breaking down biological molecules for energy and as molecular building blocks
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