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| An organ, such as the liver, is composed of |
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| composed of structures such as the stomach and small intestines |
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| lack the nucleus and other organelles found in eukaryotic cells |
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| is composed of nucleotide units |
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| Eukaryotic dna is organized as a |
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| • All cells use this to store information |
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| one of the main ingredients for natural selection. Organisms must compete for limited resources, and only the best adapted will survive and reproduce. |
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| • is more than an interesting idea. It must stand up to constant scrutiny from skeptical researchers. |
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| All living things share a common genetic language of dna because they share a common |
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| • It is possible to test these , such as those involving historical events, without conducting experiments. |
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| A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical procedures is |
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| about 1 amu; about 1/2000 amu |
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| • The proton and neutron both have masses of.... where the electron have only |
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| outermost shell is stable |
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| an atom is least likely to participate in a reaction when its |
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| Atoms with the same atomic number and different atomic masses are referred to as |
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| Atoms of each element have a unique number of protons within their nuclei. Changing the number of protons in an atom occurs only in |
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| mass of the atom; chemical behavior or reactivity |
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| . Changes in neutron number alter the... , but not its |
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| The fullness of the... determines the pattern of covalent bonding or ionization |
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| The ...is a function of the presence of unpaired electrons in one or more orbitals of their valence shells |
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| is one in which electron pairs are shared |
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| two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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| Sodium loses an electron and thus becomes |
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| chlorine gains an electron and thus becomes |
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| involves an attraction between ions of opposite charge |
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| oxygen atom; net negative |
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| A hydrogen atom with a net positive charge is attracted to an... with a... charge |
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| Atoms with similar electronegativities form |
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| formed when one atom transfers an electron to another atom |
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| occurs when the forward and reverse reactions offset each other |
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| We cannot know the exact location of an electron. Instead, we can describe a... in which an electron spends most of its time |
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| forms when two atoms transfer or share outer electrons to complete their outer shells |
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| transient and easily reversible |
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| Each water molecule is joined to four other water molecules by |
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| the unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule makes the water molecule |
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| the unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule makes the water molecule |
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| are weaker than covalent bonds because they do not involve sharing of electrons, and they are weaker than ionic bonds because they involve the attraction of partial (not full) opposite charges. |
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| The ... of water allows the insect to remain on the surface. |
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| cohesion, its high specific heat, and its high heat of vaporization |
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| The formation of hydrogen bonds between the positive and negative regions of different water molecules accounts for most of water's unique properties. name some of them. |
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| The amount of energy that must be absorbed or lost to raise or lower the temperature of 1 g of liquid water by 1°C is |
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| the number of molecules in one mole of any substance |
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| hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions |
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| The transfer of a hydrogen atom from one water molecule to another is referred to as . |
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| H2O + H2O <==> H3O+ + OH- |
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| equation for the dissociation of water |
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| What is the charge on a hydronium ion? |
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| What is the charge on a hydroxide ion? |
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| A ... resists change in pH by accepting hydrogen ions when acids are added to the solution and donating hydrogen ions when bases are added. |
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| The experiments of Wöhler, Kolbe, Miller, and other chemists invalidated the concept of vitalism by demonstrating that organic molecules could be produced apart from living organisms using |
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| Vitalism gave way to..., the view that physical and chemical laws govern living systems |
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| The large diversity of shapes of biological molecules is possible because of the extensive presence of _____ in the molecules. |
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| what is the formula to a hydrocarbon? |
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| Molecules that have the same chemical formula (same numbers of each atom) but different three-dimensional shapes are called _____. |
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| ____ maintain the same covalent partnerships, but the atoms may be arranged differently. |
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