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| bulk cellular intake of solids |
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| bulk cellular intake of liquids |
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| facilitate eukaryotic photosynthesis |
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| identical to basal bodies |
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| likely evolved from purple bacteria |
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| likely evolved from cyanobacteria |
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| contain eukaryotic ATP synthase |
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| contain proteolytic and hydrolytic enzymes |
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| likely evolved from spirochaete bacteria |
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| composed primarily of DNA |
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| 9x3 arrangement of microtubules |
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| present only in flagellated and ciliated eukaryotic cells |
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| oxaloacetic acid; citric acid |
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| The Krebs cycle begins when the acetyl group of acetyl CoA is joined to ____, forming ____. |
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| In plants, turgor pressure is a direct consequence of _____. |
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| If excessive salty water was added to a freshwater aquarium containing the freshwater plant Elodea, the Elodea cells would undergo ______. |
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Which organelle is NOT surrounded by its own two membranes?
a. chromoplast
b. nucleus
c. ribosome
d. mitochondrion
e. chloroplast |
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Which one of the following biological macromolecules is least likely to be a component of a biomembrane?
a. lipids
b. carbohydrates
c. proteins
d. nucleic acids
e. all are common components |
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| a solution with a greater water concentration |
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| a habitat/location of fish that excrete most nitrogeneous wate through gills |
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| an oceanic jellyfish's water balance physiology |
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| solutions with the same water concentration |
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| solutions with the same solute concentration |
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| a freshwater catfish's water balance physiology |
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| a solution with lesser solute concentration |
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| habitat of a fish that excrete most nitrogeneous wates through the urinary tract |
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| a solution with a greater solute concentration |
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| a tuna fish's water balance physiology |
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| a solution with a lesser water concentration |
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| a freshwater protozoan's water balance physiology |
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| a blue whale's water balance physiology |
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| During the last step (not phase) of glycolysis, _____ of ATP are produced. |
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At the start of pyruvate oxidation, the carbons initially present in the glucose molecule are located in _____ molecules.
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| Starting with one acetyl, the completion of aerobic respiration will yield a gain of ___ ATP. |
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| For every glucose molecule oxidized aerobically by a cell, ___ fumarates undergo electron transport. |
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| Inorganic ions temporarily bound to an enzyme in order to promote a chemical reaction are known as _____. |
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| A reaction in which products are at a lower energy level than the reactants is described as ______. |
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| The sum total of all reactions that occur within a cell is referred to as _____. |
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| Examples of organelles that contain their own DNA are _____. |
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| the increase of the mitochondrial intermembrane space pOH value. |
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| When chemiosmosis occurs within mitochondria, the result is |
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| 2 NADH's are consumed, but 4 are synthesized to produce a net gain of 2. |
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Which of the following is NOT correct regarding glycolysis?
a. 2 NADH's are consumed, but 4 are synthesized to produce a net gain of 2.
b. Glycolysis functions to produce NADH under anaerobic conditions
c. Glycolysis is anaerobic
d. Glycolysis occurs freely in the cytoplasm.
e. Glycolysis occurs only in bacteria |
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Which of the following types of plastids are most concentrated in a raw french fry?
a. chloroplast
b. leucoplast
c. amyloplast
d. chromoplast
e. plastids are never found in the roots of plants. |
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Which of the following is byproduct of the citric acid cycle?
a. FAD+
b. NADH
c. carbon monoxide
d. pyruvate
e. cytochromes |
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| hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate |
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| it's an anaerobic process |
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Which of the following statements is true of fermentation?
a. it produces no NAD+
b. it begins with the precursor lactate
c. it is an anaerobic process
d. it can be performed only by fungi
e. it produces a net gain of oxygen |
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| The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria are called ____. |
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| ______ is the only molecules that can pass directly through the water channels embedded in the phospholipid bilayer structure of the cytoplasmic membranes. |
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| True or false: Bacteria possess mitochondria. |
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| In mammals, the average evolutionary rate of mtDNA is about ___ times that of the nuclear DNA. |
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Which of the following will not occur in anaerobic conditions?
a. alcohol fermentation
b. lactic acid fermentation
c. glycolysis
d. chemiosmosis
e. oxidative phosphorylation |
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| Where does eukaryotic translation begin? |
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| decreasing the activation energy |
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| Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by... |
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| Assume that a 16-carbon fatty acid is oxidated as an energy source. How many ATP's would be produced from the electron transport of NADH's only? |
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| True or False: The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is water. |
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| repository of genetic information |
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Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
a. translation of proteins
b. site of lipid synthesis
c. site of most energy production
d. repository of genetic information |
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| How many carbon atoms does each acetyl CoA feed into the Kreb's cycle? |
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| True or False: Muscle cells in animals are more likely to contain a high number of mitochondria when compared to epithelial cells. |
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| The concentration of Na+ in A is 1.0 M, while the concentration of Na+ in B is 1.5 M. With regards to Na+ concentration, A would be referred to as _____, while B would be referred to as _____. |
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| Paramecium have contractile vacuoles which accumulate water, fuse with the plasma membrane, and discharge the water into the extracellular environment. |
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| How does a freshwater organism like a paramecium maintain proper osmotic balance. |
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| In eukaryotes, the enzymes involved in the Kreb's cycle and electron transport are located in the _____. |
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| In cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is formed from the oxidation of _____. |
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| Which cellular component is responsible for the regulation of exchanges of substances between a cell and its environment? |
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| During which step (not phase) of glycolysis is ATP synthesized? |
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| The net movement of a material toward a region where it is less concentrated, as a result of random molecular motion, is ______. |
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| What would normally bind to an enzymes active site? |
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| Which step of glycolysis is NAD+ synthesized? |
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| 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 |
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| The direct energy yield from each acetyl group that enters the Krebs cycle is... |
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| on the ER or in the cytosol |
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| Where does eukaryotic translation end? |
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| When excessive snow melt moves additional freshwater into freshwater swamps, the cells of these freshwater plants undergo ______. |
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| The direct result of the binding of cofactor to an enzyme is ______. |
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Both plant and animal cells have:
a. cell walls
b. mitochondria
c. plastids
d. chloroplasts
e. neither have ribosomes |
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| 2 ATP molecules and 4 NADH molecules |
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Definition
For each molecule of glucose processed by glycolysis, there is a net energy yield of __ ATP and __ NADH molecules.
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| In prokaryotes, pyruvate oxidation occurs in the ____ and the citric acid cycle occurs in the ____. |
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| Organelle that serves as a packaging and distribution center for organic molecules intended for export. |
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The primary function of the mitochondrion is the production of ATP. To carry out this function, the mitochondrion must have all of the following EXCEPT:
a. enzymes for fermentation
b. mitochondrial ATP synthase
c. the membrane-bound electron transport cycle
d. enzymes for the Krebs cycle
e. proton pumps embedded in the inner membrane |
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| cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) |
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| adjacent plant cell connections |
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