Term
| Substrate Level Phosphorylation |
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Definition
the direction transfer of a phosphate group by a substrate to ADP
site:cytosol and mitochondrial matrix
glycolyis and krebs cycle |
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Term
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Definition
catabolic process by which cells make ATP, by breaking down organic compounds
- Organic compounds combine with oxygen and are broken down; carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) are released
C6H12O6 + 6O2 => 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Released (ATP)
- Breakdown of glucose is an exergonic reaction |
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Definition
-The production of ATP, using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain
-accounts for 90% of ATP formed during respiration
-Occurs in Inner Membrane of
Mitochondria (Electron Transport Chain) |
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Term
NAD+
(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide): |
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Definition
consists of nitrogen base and two nucleotides joined together. NAD+ is reduced to NADH by the enzymatic transfer of two electrons and one proton from an organic substance to NAD+. reduces to NAD+ to NADH.
Functions as an oxidizing agent during respiration. NADH represents stored energy that can be tapped to make ATP |
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Term
FAD
(flavin adenine dinucleotide) |
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Definition
-derived from riboflavin and has two nucleotides.
-FADH2 is the reduced form. It donates electrons to the electron transport chain at a lower energy level than NADH. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Derived from panthothenic acid and carries an acetyl group (and/or a succinyl group) to the Kreb’s Cycle |
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Term
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Definition
- Glycolysis is the splitting of sugar; source of ATP and NADH, and prepares organic molecules for more oxidation in Krebs cycle
-C6H12O6 + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi => 2 C3H4O3 + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2ATP + 2H2O
-occurs in the cytosol |
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Term
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Definition
- Energy- investment phase: the cell invests ATP to phosphorylate the fuel molecules
- Energy pay-off phase: ATP is made by substrate-level phosphorylation and NAD+ is reduced to NADH by oxidation of food molecules
-- The net energy yield from glycolysis is 2 ATP plus 2 NADH |
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Term
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Definition
a. One molecule of ATP is used to attach a PO4 (phosphate) on one end of the glucose molecule
b. Molecule rearranged to a fructose ring (still 6 carbon)
c. Another molecule of ATP used to attach a PO4 on the other end carbon
d. Now molecule can be split at weaker middle C - C bond to make two C3 molecules
e. Some energy trapped as NADH reduced (temp. stores free e-)
f. Change structure of C3 molecules
g. Remove PO4 from each to form ATP
h. Output of glycolysis is two Pyruvate molecules |
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