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Biology
Comprehensive Biology Exam 1
195
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/12/2022

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Term
All of you things are caring outside source of material and energy. All of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell to provide these materials and energy is called
Definition
Metabolism
Term
However, for these processes to continue living things must maintain blank or the maintenance of internal conditions within certain boundaries
Definition
Homeostasis
Term
For example , lizards lounge on rocks and sunny locations to warm their bodies and six shade to call their bodies
Definition
Behaviors
Term
Penguins have extra layers of feathers, a layer of bubbler, and feet and tails that serve as rubbers. Collectively, these blank make them suitable for life in a aquatic existence
Definition
Adaptations
Term
Unicellular prokaryotic organisms that live in extreme environments.

Thrive in extreme aquatic environments such as thermal vents, sulfur vents, or acid mines.

Include Methanosarcina of mazei,a methane- producing organism.

Representative the first cells on Earth.
Definition
Archaea
Term
Unicellular prokaryotes that can be found almost anywhere, including soils, water, air, land our bodies.

Include examples, such as Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori.
Definition
Bacteria
Term
Unicellular or multicellular organisms that contain a membrane- bounded nucleus.

Include examples, such as Euglena, a photosynthetic protist; Amanita, a poisonous fungi; Gingko blob, an ancient tree; and human
Definition
Eukarya
Term
The process in which populations accumulate adaptations over time to become more suited to their environments is called blank.
Definition
Evolution
Term
It is considered the unifying concept of blank, which is the study of life.
Definition
Biology
Term
The process of blank explains how a population changes in response to its environment.
Definition
natural selection
Term
As the environment changes over time, some individuals may possess certain Blank that make them better suited to live longer and produce more blank .
Definition
adaptations, offspring
Term
These favorable traits cause higher reproductive success and increase the blank of these traits from one blank to the next.
Definition
frequency, generation
Term
The phrase "common blank with modification" sums up the process of evolution, which shows that one species can be a common blank to several species, each adapted to a particular set of environmental conditions.
Definition
descent, ancestor
Term
How are domains organized?
Definition
Based upon comparison of ribosomal RNA and characteristics like cell structure
Term
Bacteria and archaea are both domains consisting of prokaryotic organisms?
Definition
True
Term
Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotes.
Definition
Nucleus present, no nucleus present
Term
Since no eukaryotes have cell walls it is easy to distinguish this group from domains bacteria and archaea?
Definition
False
Term
Bacteria and archaea Or both prokaryotic domains though they differ from one another from the options below select the difference between these domains.
Definition
Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan; Archaeal cell walls do not.
Term
Substances that release hydrogen ions when dissociated in water are called blank
Definition
Acids
Term
The blank value of a solution becomes blank when more hydrogen ions are released by an acid.
Definition
pH, lower
Term
blank is a strong acid because it almost fully dissociates into hydrogen ions and blank ions in water.
Definition
HCI, Chloride
Term
Substances that release blank ions or take up hydrogen ions when dissociated in water are called blank
Definition
Hydroxide, Bases
Term
The more hydroxide ions released or the more hydrogen ions taken up by bases, the blank the pH value of the solution.
Definition
higher
Term
Blank is a strong base because it almost fully dissociates into hydroxide ions and blank ions in water.
Definition
NaOH, Sodium
Term
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of blank
Definition
neutrons
Term
Because of this, they have the same number of blank, but a different blank
Definition
protons, mass number
Term
Isotopes that are blank, are used in medicine as tracers to detect and destroy dangerous cells.
Definition
radioactive
Term
Isotopes that are radioactive can also be used to blank medical equipment and even food.
Definition
sterilize
Term
In high amounts, radioactive isotopes can be blank to humans.
Definition
Harmful
Term
In the human body, pH needs to be kept within a narrow range in order to maintain blank
Definition
homeostasis
Term
Chemicals or a combination of chemicals that keeps pH levels within normal limits are called blank
Definition
buffers
Term
These chemicals work by taking up excess blank when acids are added to the body and blank when bases are added to the body.
Definition
hydrogen, hydroxide ions
Term
Diseases such as diabetes and congestive heart failure may bring on a condition called blank, in which the body is unable to buffer the excessive production of hydrogen ions.
Definition
acidosis
Term
Acidic
Definition
hydrochloric acid, stomach acid, lemon juice, soda, tomatoes, black coffee
Term
Neutral pH level
Definition
ears, pure water
Term
basic pH level
Definition
human blood, antacids, milk of magnesia, ammonia, sodium hydroxide
Term
Nonliving and living matter are composed of blank that cannot be broken down further.
Definition
elements
Term
The atomic theory states that elements consist of tiny particles called blank
Definition
atoms
Term
The blank displays all of the elements, and therefore the atoms, based on their chemical and physical properties.
Definition
periodic table
Term
The blank is written above the atomic symbol and reflects the number of protons the atom has and makes it unique.
Definition
atomic number
Term
The blank is written below the atomic symbol and reflects the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Definition
atomic mass
Term
Atoms of the same element with varying numbers of neutrons, some of which produce radiation that may be useful medically, are called blank.
Definition
isotopes
Term
The energy levels in which electrons orbit around the Blank are also called Blank
Definition
nucleus, electron shells
Term
The electrons that are in the outermost electron shell, also known as the Blank, have Blank energy than those in the inner electron shells.
Definition
valence shell, more
Term
An atom of helium has one electron shell and it is full when it contains Blank electrons
Definition
2
Term
When atoms have more than one electron shell, the valence shell is full when it contains Blank electrons.
Definition
8
Term
Magnesium wants to have 8 electrons, so it Blank 2 electrons to another atom, so its valence shell is full and a Blank is created between the two atoms.
Definition
donates, bond
Term
In water, oxygen shares a bond with two hydrogen atoms. Oxygen is more Blank than hydrogen, making the bond Blank with the oxygen being the negative end and the two hydrogens being the positive end.
Definition
electronegative, polar
Term
Because it is a polar compound, individual water molecules are attracted to one another by Blank bonds, which form because of the attraction between the positive hydrogen atoms and the negative oxygen atoms.
Definition
hydrogen
Term
Because of the high number of hydrogen bonds, water exhibits Blank meaning the molecules cling together. Under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, water exists as a Blank.
Definition
cohesion, liquid
Term
Water also exhibits Blank, which is the ability to cling to other polar surfaces, because of its polarity.
Definition
adhesion
Term
Water has a high heat Blank, which allows it to absorb heat without greatly changing its temperature, and a high heat of Blank, which prevents it from easily becoming a gas and evaporating into the environment.
Definition
capacity, vaporization
Term
Water can also be used as a Blank for many polar and ionic substances. Molecules that are attracted to water are said to be blank
Definition
solvent, hydrophilic
Term
The process of blank leads to organisms that are blank that environment.
Definition
natural selection; adapted to
Term
Eli keeps a worm bin in his basement because the worms need cooler temperatures to survive. He feeds them about one pound of kitchen scraps each week. One summer the temperatures rose above the optimal temperature for the red worms (~ 85°F) and many in his colony died. However, those that survive continued to reproduce and within six months his colony was thriving again. The following summer, unusually warm temperatures once again resulted in the basement temperatures rising above 85°F. Surprisingly, Eli noticed that only a small portion of the worm colony died. What is the best explanation for this?
Definition
the worms survived the first summer had a higher heat tolerance and passed this trait on to their offspring.
Term
Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads (Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are nonagricultural areas. In this study, what is the genus of the study animal?
Definition
Bufo
Term
Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads (Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are nonagricultural areas. Based on this study, what is/are the test group(s)
Definition
male toads collected from areas near large-scale and small-scale farms.
Term
In the following statement true or false? The mountain zebra (Equus zebra) and the donkey (Equus asinus) belong to the same species?
Definition
false, because the specific epithet is different.
Term
which of the following statements inaccurately describes biodiversity?
Definition
so far, approximately 6 million species have been identified and named
Term
Salmon live in both fresh water and salt water during their lives. They are born in in fresh water but migrate out to marine waters for most of their life. Eventually, they return to the place they were born in fresh water to spawn. Changing between fresh water and salt water affects the balance of water in their body. Salmon have an internal control system called osmoregulation that restores the balance by negative feedback. This is an example of which characteristic of life?
Definition
maintaining homeostasis
Term
all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are collectively called
Definition
metabolism
Term
Kevin is studying predator-prey interactions. One day he notices a spider eating a cricket caught in its web. Later that day, a bird eats the spider. Based on the organisms involved in this study, what level of organization is he studying?
Definition
community
Term
Kevin is studying predator-prey interactions. One day he notices a spider eating a cricket caught in its web. Later that day, a bird eats the spider. How many producers are there in this scenario?
Definition
0
Term
which of the following is true about ecosystems?
Definition
all of the above answers are true
Term
The development of new technologies is based on science?
Definition
True
Term
Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. All of the chemical reactions that involve energy conversions within a cell are called
Definition
metabolism
Term
The purpose of a control group in an experiment is
Definition
for comparison to the other test groups
Term
The various species of honeycreepers have an assortment of different beak shapes, but all honeycreeper species have a similar size and body shape. This is an example of
Definition
descent with modification
Term
Simon is an avid gardener who spends a lot of time caring for the plants in his garden. To minimize damage from pests from his garden, Simon uses a pesticide spray. After a few years of using the same pesticide spray, he notices that it has become less effective. This is most likely due to
Definition
evolution by natural selection
Term
Which of the following is a true statement about extinction?
Definition
All of the statements about extinction are true.
Term
In science, a theory
Definition
encompasses many hypotheses
Term
Which kingdom includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Definition
Protista
Term
Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive?
Definition
species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
Term
As autumn approaches, white-tailed deer begin to accumulate a layer of body fat. This is an example of which characteristic of life?
Definition
response to the environment
Term
Scientists were studying temperature selection amongst pregnant big brown bats. What would be the best control group for this study?
Definition
female bats that were not pregnant
Term
Sam is studying the interaction between porcupines, pinion pine trees, and pine bark beetles. Over the course of his study in Colorado, he observes the behaviors of 25 porcupines, records the location of 151 pinion pines, and traps 332 beetles. How many populations does his study include?
Definition
3
Term
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true with respect to scientific theory?
Definition
all of the statements about scientific theories are true
Term
Which of the following classification categories for humans is correct?
Definition
Homo sapiens: binomial name
Term
A biologist is studying how acid rain affects earthworm and beetle populations in a portion of Yellowstone National Park. What level of organization is she studying?
Definition
ecosystem
Term
Robert, an aspiring scientist in a biology class, wanted to conduct a study on the effects of cigarette smoke on the web-building ability of spiders. Which of the following statements is an incorrect use of terms pertaining to the scientific method?
Definition
Robert wanted to see if his theory was true that cigarette smoke will influence web-building in spiders.
Term
Kevin is studying predator-prey interactions. One day he notices a spider eating a cricket caught in its web. Later that day, a bird eats the spider. How many species are involved in his study?
Definition
3
Term
A pond ecosystem includes small water fleas which feed on submerged aquatic plants. When the water fleas die, they sink to the bottom of the pond where their dead bodies are broken down with the help of bacteria. List in order the producer, decomposer, and consumer in this system.
Definition
aquatic plants, bacteria, water fleas
Term
Phylum Arthropoda is broken into subgroups which include both Arachnida (e.g., spiders) and Insecta (e.g., insects). As a result, Arachnida and Insecta most likely belong to which classification category?
Definition
class
Term
Is the following statement true or false? The only single-celled organisms are prokaryotes, such as archaeans and bacteria.
Definition
false because some eukaryotes, including protista, are single celled
Term
Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many valence shell electrons does it have?
Definition
6
Term
which of the following is a property of acids?
Definition
acids have a sharp or sour taste
Term
1.Created when an atom either loses or gains electrons in a reaction, resulting in an overall net charge.
2. Their numbers will vary in isotopes of the same element.
3.Their number and arrangement determine which chemical reactions an element can take part in.
4. Their number in an atom is the atomic number of the element.
5.The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.
Definition
1. Ion, 2. neutrons, 3.Electrons, 4.Protons, 5. Atom
Term
Which of the following is molecule?
Definition
O,2
Term
Which of the following would be considered a trace element in living things?
Definition
Zinc
Term
Although Oregon and South Dakota are at similar latitudes, winters in Oregon are warmer and summers in Oregon are cooler. Which of the following might explain these differences between the climate of Oregon and the climate of South Dakota?
Definition
The pacific ocean makes Oregon temperatures more moderate.
Term
In what ways are radioactive isotopes potentially harmful?
Definition
Unmonitored release into the environment can make changes in a cell's DNA.
Term
What do lemons, tomatoes, and coffee all have in common chemically?
Definition
They all produce H+ ions in solution, making them acids.
Term
Heartburn occurs when stomach acid escapes the stomach and burns the tissues of the esophagus. Baking soda is sometimes used as an antacid. How does baking soda help relieve symptoms of heartburn?
Definition
The baking soda is serving as a buffer to take up excess H+ ions from stomach acid
Term
An atom's valence electron shell
Definition
determines its chemical reactivity
Term
Which of the following is a way that isotopes are useful in medicine? Check all that apply.
Definition
radioactive isotopes can be used to regenerate damaged tissues
Term
An ionic bond forms when
Definition
a negatively charged ion is attracted to one with a positive charge
Term
Which of the following is a way in which chemical bonds can be formed?
Definition
All of the answers describe ways that chemical bonds can be formed.
Term
The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is
Definition
2 in the inner electron shell, 8 in the second electron shell, and 8 in the outer electron shell.
Term
The pH of pure water is ________ because ________.
Definition
7.0; water contains an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions
Term
When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom
Definition
All of the above statements are correct.
Term
Isotopes of an element differ in their
Definition
neutron number
Term
Isotopes of an atom differ in their
Definition
atomic mass
Term
Which of the following statements about basic solutions is true?
Definition
Basic solutions release OH-
Term
The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of
Definition
valence electrons
Term
an atom that has an electrical charge is called an
Definition
ion
Term
Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?
Definition
atom
Term
Both radioactive isotopes and stable isotopes contain the same number of electrons and protons.
Definition
true
Term
which property of water causes sugar to dissolve in coffee?
Definition
water is a good solvent.
Term
When a positively charged hydrogen in a water molecule become attracted to the negatively charged oxygen in a nearby water molecule, this is called a ionic bond.
Definition
false
Term
Which of the following best describes the structure of how water molecules form?
Definition
The oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond with one another to create stable valence shells of electrons. The electrons are shared unequally resulting in a polar molecule.
Term
The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another is a(n) ________ bond.
Definition
ionic
Term
Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?
Definition
Living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature.
Term
All atoms of the same element have the same
Definition
atomic number
Term
Cells need buffering agents in order to
Definition
minimize the changes in pH of their internal environment
Term
Which of the following properties of water involve hydrogen bonds? Check all that apply
Definition
polarity
Term
Positron-emission tomography (PET) is an example of how ions are useful in medicine.
Definition
false
Term
Chemical bonds involve
Definition
the giving, taking, or sharing of electrons.
Term
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Definition
thymine
Term
What makes saturated triglycerides considerably less healthy than unsaturated ones?
Definition
They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms, which makes them more tightly packed together.
Term
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
Definition
DNA
Term
ATP is a molecule used for energy transport inside the cell. The components of ATP are a nitrogen-containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and three phosphate groups. Given this structure, ATP is classified as a(n)
Definition
nucleic acid
Term
Glycogen is a ________ made of many ________.
Definition
polymer; glucose molecules
Term
Which of the following is a hydrolysis reaction?
Definition
glycogen forming glucose molecules
Term
A saturated fat has
Definition
no double bonds
Term
Which one of the following is a main function of proteins?
Definition
enzymatic activity
Term
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
Definition
C6H12O6
Term
Which of the following terms should be categorized separately from the others?
Definition
sucrose
Term
Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?
Definition
COCl2
Term
Which functional group is both polar (hydrophilic) and weakly acidic?
Definition
–COOH
Term
Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in
Definition
two monosaccharides
Term
Select the correct association.
Definition
Carbohydrates—include glucose, sucrose, and starch
Term
In a dehydration reaction, ________. In order for this to occur water is ________.
Definition
monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed
Term
A triglyceride is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a
Definition
dehydration synthesis reaction
Term
Which of the following is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?
Definition
They are made of repeated monomer units
Term
Which of the following is a true statement about proteins?
Definition
Proteins are used to produce many types of hormones.
Term
Which one of the following is a potential danger of anabolic steroids?
Definition
All of the above answers are problems associated with anabolic steroids
Term
In addition to carbon, an organic molecule must contain
Definition
hydrogen
Term
In which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer?
Definition
amino acid - protein
Term
a starch molecule is to glucose as
Definition
a protein is to an amino acid
Term
What functional group makes a carbohydrate hydrophilic?
Definition
-OH
Term
Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.
Definition
proteins; nucleotides
Term
A gene in DNA is the code for assembling a sequence of
Definition
amino acids
Term
DNA and RNA differ in that
Definition
DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.
Term
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
Definition
H2CO3
Term
DNA functions to ________, while RNA’s function is to________.
Definition
stores genetic information; aids in the processing of the information within the DNA into proteins.
Term
Scientists created an enzyme that will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, which of the following could be used as a new food source?
Definition
cellulose
Term
which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA?
Definition
nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate
Term
Which of the following is a functional group present in amino acids?
Definition
-NH2
Term
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
Definition
C43H64O4
Term
How are lipids different from other categories of biological molecules?
Definition
They will not combine with water
Term
The natural phenomena are watched as they occur
Definition
observations
Term
a testable statement is formulated
Definition
hypothesis
Term
the hypothesis is tested by experiment or further observations
Definition
experiment
Term
the result are analyzed. the hypothesis is supported continue work. if the hypothesis is rejected start again
Definition
conclusion
Term
many experiments and observations support a theory
Definition
Scientific theory
Term
Definition
covalent bond, electrons
Term
Definition
atoms, outer
Term
Definition
octets, double, triple
Term
Definition
methane
Term
Definition
carboxyl, hydroxide
Term
Definition
triglycerides
Term
Definition
unsaturated, saturated
Term
Definition
oils, liquid, solid
Term
Definition
lipids
Term
Definition
nucleic acids
Term
Definition
carbohydrates
Term
Definition
proteins
Term
Definition
carbohydrates
Term
Definition
monosaccharides, glucose
Term
Definition
disaccharides, maltose
Term
Definition
polysaccharides, starch
Term
Definition
structural components
Term
Definition
starch
Term
Definition
chitin
Term
Definition
glycogen
Term
Definition
cellulose
Term
Definition
amino acids, primary
Term
Definition
secondary
Term
Definition
tertiary, function
Term
Definition
quaternary
Term
Definition
keratin
Term
Definition
enzymes
Term
Definition
hemoglobin
Term
Definition
antibodies
Term
Definition
hormones
Term
Definition
myosin
Term
Definition
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Term
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Term
Definition
nucleotides
Term
Definition
5-carbon,
Term
Definition
nitrogenous
Term
Definition
guanine
Term
Definition
fats and oils
Term
Definition
phospholipids
Term
Definition
steroids
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