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Biology Vocab Unit 1 Review
69 vocabulary review terms for Pearson 10th grade
69
Biology
10th Grade
09/19/2012

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Term
acid
Definition
compound that donates hydrogen ions (H+)
Term
activation energy
Definition
energy that is needed to enable a reaction
Term
adhesion
Definition
force of attraction between different kinds of molecules
Term
amino acid
Definition
compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
Term
anabolism
Definition
metabolic reaction that involves the buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones
Term
atom
Definition
the basic unit of matter
Term
base
Definition
compound that accepts hydrogen atoms (H+)
Term
bias
Definition
particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific
Term
biochemistry
Definition
the study of the chemistry of living things
Term
biology
Definition
scientific study of life
Term
buffer
Definition
compound that prevents sudden, sharp changes in pH
Term
carbohydrate
Definition
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body
Term
catabolism
Definition
metabolic reaction that involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones
Term
catalyst
Definition
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Term
chemical reaction
Definition
process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
Term
cohesion
Definition
attraction between molecules of the same substance
Term
compound
Definition
substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
Term
control group
Definition
group in an experiment that is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for one variable
Term
controlled experiment
Definition
experiment in which only one variable is changed
Term
covalent bond
Definition
type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared
Term
creativity
Definition
trait characterized by thinking and actions that emphasize new concepts, ideas, or objects that have not been made previously
Term
data
Definition
evidence; information gathered from observations
Term
density
Definition
the ratio of mass to volume of an object
Term
electron
Definition
negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus
Term
element
Definition
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Term
endergonic reaction
Definition
a chemical reaction that absorbs energy
Term
enzyme
Definition
protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions
Term
ethics
Definition
code of behavior that emphasizes fairness to all members of a group
Term
exergonic reaction
Definition
a chemical reaction that releases energy
Term
genetic information
Definition
sequences of DNA used to direct the growth and development of an organism in the likeness of its parent(s)
Term
heat capacity
Definition
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1°C
Term
homeostasis
Definition
relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain
Term
hydrogen bond
Definition
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
Term
hypothesis
Definition
possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question
Term
inorganic
Definition
pertains to chemicals that are not primarily composed of carbon
Term
ion
Definition
atom that has a positive or negative charge
Term
ionic bond
Definition
chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Term
isotope
Definition
one of several forms of a single element; contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Term
lipid
Definition
macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
Term
metabolic pathway
Definition
a series of sequential chemical reactions taking place in a cell
Term
metabolism
Definition
the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
Term
metabolite
Definition
a compound that is formed in one reaction and then consumed in another reaction in a metabolic pathway
Term
mixture
Definition
material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
Term
molecule
Definition
smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound
Term
monomer
Definition
small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
Term
monosaccharide
Definition
simple sugar molecule
Term
nucleic acid
Definition
macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Term
nucleotide
Definition
subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Term
nucleus
Definition
the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons
Term
observation
Definition
process of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way
Term
open-mindedness
Definition
trait that emphasizes consideration of new ideas without prejudging them
Term
organic
Definition
pertains to chemicals that are primarily composed of carbon
Term
pH scale
Definition
scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions
Term
polymer
Definition
molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
Term
product
Definition
element or compound produced by a chemical reaction
Term
protein
Definition
macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
Term
reactant
Definition
element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction
Term
reproduction
Definition
biological process in which organisms produce offspring
Term
respiration
Definition
process used by organisms to break down high energy molecules to capture the energy in a form that can be used to power metabolic reactions
Term
skepticism
Definition
trait that enables a person to question the validity of claims
Term
solute
Definition
substance that is dissolved in a solution
Term
solution
Definition
type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed
Term
solvent
Definition
the dissolving substance in a solution
Term
stimulus
Definition
signal to which an organism responds
Term
substrate
Definition
reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Term
suspension
Definition
mixture of water and nondissolved material
Term
variable
Definition
condition that, when changed, may affect an outcome
Term
vitalism
Definition
theory that living things contain a special force not found in nonliving things
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