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Biology Unit 4
Chapters 14, 15, 16 and 18
43
Biology
9th Grade
01/16/2010

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Term
biogenesis
Definition
all living things come from other living things
Term
spontaneous generation
Definition
theory that organisims come from nonliving things
Term
half-life*
Definition
length of time it takes for one half of any size sample of an isotope to decay
Term
isotope*
Definition
atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons
Term
mass number
Definition
total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Term
radioactive dating
Definition
methods of establishing the age of materials
Term
radioactive decay
Definition
nuclei release particles/radiant energy
Term
radioactive isotope
Definition
isotopes that undergo radioactive decay
Term
chemosynthesis
Definition
CO2 helps in the assembly of organic molecules
Term
endosymbosis
Definition
when mitochondria, or other simple prokaryotes got taken in by eukaryotes
Term
fossil
Definition
trace of a long dead organism
Term
sediment
Definition
dust, sand or mud
Term
mold
Definition
type of fossil
imprint in rock of the shape of the organism
Term
cast
Definition
rocklike modle of hte organism
Term
law of superposition
Definition
oldest organisms, lowest in the rock layers
Term
biogeography
Definition
study of geographical distribution of fossils and of living organisms
Term
acquired trait
Definition
trait not determined by the gentics of the organism but happens because of an incident in the organisms life
Term
natural selection
Definition
organisms best suit to thier enviornment are better able to reproduce and live longer
Term
population
Definition
inter-breeding single species group
Term
adapt
Definition
changing over generations to help the organism better survive
Term
fitness
Definition
organisms genetic contribution to the next generation
Term
adaptive advantage
Definition
a favorable trait
Term
homologous
Definition
similar in physical anatomy, different in function
Term
analogous
Definition
similar in function, different in physical anatomy
Term
vestigal
Definition
features that do not serve an apparent purpose
Term
coevolution
Definition
change of two species in close association with each other
Term
convergent evolution
Definition
unrelated species become more and more similar in physical apperance because the enviornment they live in
Term
divergent evolution
Definition
two or more related species become more and more dissimilar over time
Term
allele frequency
Definition
determined by dividing the number of certain allele by the number of all the alleles in the population
Term
gene pool
Definition
total genetic information available in a population
Term
Hardy-Weinburg genetic equilibrium
Definition
the statbility of gene frequencies across generations
Term
phenotypic frequency
Definition
number of individuals with a particular phenotype divided by the total number of individuals within the population
Term
morphology
Definition
internal structure and apperance of an organism
Term
taxonomy
Definition
branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionart history
Term
levels of classification
Definition
kindom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species
Term
species name
(scientific name)
Definition
Genus species
Genus-capitilized
in print- all is italizized
Term
binomial nomenclature
Definition
the system of the scietntific names
Term
phylogeny
Definition
evoulutinary history of an organism
Term
cladistics
Definition
new form of classification
uses certain features of an organism
Term
cladogram
Definition
ancestary diagrams made by cladistics analysis
Term
derived characteristic
Definition
a feature that evolved only within the group under consideration
Term
phylogenetic tree
Definition
family tree that shows that evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms
Term
systematics
Definition
organizes the diversity of living organisms in the context of evolution
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