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| Simple, no membrane bound organelles, bacteria only, one circular chromosome |
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| membrane bound organelles, plants and animals, true nucleus containing chromosomes |
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| control center, contains chromosomes |
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| "powerhours" of the cell, produces energy in the form of ATP, site of aerobic respiration |
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| site of photosynthesis, plant cells ONLY, contains the pigment chlorophyll |
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| storage of excess materials, plant cells usually contain only one |
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| proteins are synthesized, bound in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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| plant cells ONLY, surrounds cell and provides support and protection, made of cellulose |
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| also called cell membrane, surrounds cell, regulates what enter/leaves the cell, helps maintain homeostatis, made of phospholipids with embedded proteins |
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| cell * tissue * organ * organ system * individual organism |
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| form of passive transport (NO ENERGY NEEDED) across a membrane, solutes move from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
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| diffusion of water (also passive transport) |
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| particles moving against the concentration gradient which REQUIRES ENERGY (ATP), low concentration to high concentration |
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| energy storing molecule, can be used for quick energy by the cell, energy is stored in the phosphate bonds |
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| water and carbon dioxide used to produce glucose and oxygen, occurs in the chloroplast. |
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| used to release energy (ATP) for cellular use, occurs in the mitochondra |
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| does not require oxygen, also used to release energy, but not as efficient as aerobic respiration (less ATP) |
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| products of anaerobic respiration |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide and lactic acid or alcohol |
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Term
| two types of anaerobic respiration |
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| alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
| obtain evergy from the environment, photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, "producers"o |
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| obtain energy from other living things, "consumers" |
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Definition
| carry genetic information, made of a chain of nucleotides, nucleotides contain a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base |
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Definition
| double stranded, "double helix", four base pairs: ATGC, sugar is deoyribose, found in nucleus |
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| single stranded, four base pairs: AUCG, sugar is ribose |
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Definition
| In DNA, adenin always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine |
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Definition
| DNA - mRNA, occurs in the nucleus, complementary mRNA strand is produced from a segment of DNA |
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| connects amino acids in the correct order to make a protein, occurs in the cytoplasm within the ribosomes |
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| sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that code for an amino acid Ex: TCC |
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| change in DNA code, may cause a change in protein produced, not always harmful Ex: sickle cell mutation |
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| cell division, produces two identical diploid daughter cells, occurs in body cells to grow and reapir |
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| error in cell growth with causes uncontrolled cell growth, has environment and genetic variables |
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| cell division, produces four different haploid daughter cells (gametes), occurs in sex cells to form gametes |
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Definition
| homologuous chromosomes exchange parts fo their DNA, creates variation in gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, can lead to Down Syndrome, Turners Syndrome, and Klinefelters Syndrome |
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Definition
| one parent, identical offspring, variation only thru mutations, Ex: budding, fragmentation, fission |
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| two parents, offspring different from parents, more variation, fertiilization (fusion of gametes) |
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