Term
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Definition
| the mechanism by which information encoded in DNA is made into a complementary RNA copy. |
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Term
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Definition
| uses the information encoded in the RNA copy to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide. |
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Term
| How many bases make up a codon? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many codons are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many amino acids are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the genetic code considered universal? |
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Definition
| because all organisms use the same codon for the same amino acid. |
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Term
| What are the three modifications a mRNA has to go through before leaving the nucleus? |
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Definition
The 5’ end will get a guanine-containing nucleotide that is reversed.
The 3’ end will get a a chain of 50 to 250 adenine nucleotrides (the poly(a) tail).
mRNA splicing |
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Term
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Definition
| Do not have protein-coding sequenses |
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Term
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Definition
| Have protein-coding sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| complex of specialized RNA and protein subunits that removes introns from a transcribed hnRNA, (splicing) |
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Term
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Definition
| permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene, a change from one base pair to another |
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Term
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Definition
| Sense codon has been changed to difference sense codon, wrong amino acid; Sickle-cell disease, androgen insensitivity syndrome and achondroplasia |
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Term
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Definition
Single base pair deletion or insertion in the coding region of a gene alters the reading frame:
Tay-sachs |
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Term
| Which is more dangerous, a missense mutation or a frameshift mutation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between inducible and repressible operons? |
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Definition
Repressible operon, which is always on until it is turned off.
Inducible operon which is always off until it is turned on |
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Term
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Definition
Regulation of transcription initiation.
Chromatin remodeling to make genes accessible |
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Term
| Post-transcriptional level |
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Definition
Variation in pre-mRNA processing Break down mRNA
RNA interference |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate at which mRNAs are used in protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Chemical modification
Activation
Degradation |
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Term
| What are the two types of genes that can cause cancer? |
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Definition
proto-oncogene
tumor suppressor genes |
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Term
The genes responsible for stimulating cell divisions are ?
If these genes are altered, then they are called ? |
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Definition
| proto-oncogene, oncogenes |
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Term
| The genes responsible for inhibiting cell divisions are ? |
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Definition
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