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Biology Terms test 2
Texas State 1320 biology terms ch. 6,7,8
23
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/28/2010

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Term
Activation energy
Definition
in a chemical reaction, teh energy needed to force the electron shells of reactants together, prior to the formation of products.
Term
Active site
Definition
the region of an enzyme olecule that binds substrates and performs the catalytic function of the enzyme.
Term
ADP
Definition
a molecule composed of the sugar ribose, teh base adenine, and two phosphate groups, a composite of ATP.
Term
ATP
Definition
a molecule composed of teh sugar ribose, teh base adenine, and three phosphate groups; the major energy carrier in cells
Term
Allosteric regulation
Definition
the process by which enzyme action is enhanced or inhibited by small organic molecules that act as regulators bybinding to teh enzyme and altering its active site.
Term
Catalyst
Definition
a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself ebing permanently changed in teh process; lowers teh activation enery of a reaction
Term
Chemical reaction
Definition
the process that forms and breaks chemical bonds that hold atoms together.
Term
Competitive inhibition
Definition
the process by which two or more lomlecules that are some what simliar in structure compete for teh active site of an enzyme.
Term
Coupled reaction
Definition
a pair of reactions, one exergonic and one endergonic, that are linked together such that the energy produced by the exergonic reaction proived the energy needed to drive teh endergonic reaction.
Term
Electron carrier
Definition
a molecule that can erversibly gain or lose electrongs. Electron carriers generally accep high-energy produced by the exergonic reaction proives the energy need to drive the endergonic reaction.
Term
Endergonic
Definition
pertaining to a chemical reaction that requires an input of energy to proceed.
Term
Energy carrier
Definition
a molecule that stores energy in high energy chemical bonds and realeases the energy to drive coupled endothermic reactions. In cells ATP is teh most common enegery carrier molecule.
Term
Enzyme
Definition
a protein catalyst that speeds up teh rate of specific biological reactions.
Term
Exergonic
Definition
pertaining to a chemical reaction that liberates energy (either as heat or in teh form of increased entropy)
Term
Feedback inhibition
Definition
in enzyme-mediated chemical reactions, the condition in which the product of reacion inhibits one or more of teh enzymes involved in synthesizing teh product.
Term
Feedback inhibition
Definition
in enzyme-mediated chemical reactions, the condition in which the product of reacion inhibits one or more of teh enzymes involved in synthesizing teh product.
Term
Kinetic engery
Definition
the energy of movement; includes light, heat, mechanical movement, and electricity
Term
Metabolic pathway
Definition
a sequence of a chemical reactiosn within a cell, in which the products of one reaction are the reactants for the next reacotion.
Term
Metabolism
Definition
teh sum of all chemical reactions taht ocur within a single cell or within all the cells of a multicellular organism.
Term
Potential energy
Definition
"Stored energy", normally chemical energy or energy of position within a gravitation field.
Term
Product
Definition
an atom or molecule that is formed from reactants in a chemical reaction
Term
Reactant
Definition
an atom or molecule taht is used up in a chemical reaction fo form a product.
Term
Substrate
Definition
the atoms or molecule sthat are the reactants for an enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction
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