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| a process where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand |
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| the process of converting RNA code into an amino acid sequence |
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| a mistake or change in the DNA sequence |
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| the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the two homozygotes |
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| when phenotypes of both homozygotes are produced in the hertrozygote |
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| matching homologous chromosomes ( the human cell has 22 pairs) |
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| the two chromosomes that determine which determine the sex of an individual |
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| traits controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes |
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| inheritance pattern of a trait controlled by two or more genes |
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| heterozygous individual that appears the same ohenotype as homozygous dominant |
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| the dominant allele inherited from one parent that controls the dominant trait. |
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| having more than five (5) fingers or toes |
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| a lethal disease that is caused by progressive nervous system degeneration caused by rare autosomal dominant allele |
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| the recessive allele inherited from both parents that causes most genetic disorders, usually common to certain ethnic groups |
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most common lethal genetic disorder among white Americans. Causes lung and digestive tract problems
recessive autosomal |
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| autosmal recessive trait, common in black Americans. Causes sickle cell shaped red blood cells causing anemia. |
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| inheritance trait that are controlled by more than three or more alleles. Blood type is an example. |
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Definition
inheritance pattern of a trait controlled by two or more genes
Sample: Skin Color |
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traits controlled by genes located on the X or Y chromosome,
Example: ged-green color blindness |
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| theory that says biological system is too complex to to function if missing only one part |
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| evolution from one type of organism to another |
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| gradual change of traits with an type of organism |
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| theory that major changes in the earth are caused by sudden catastrophic events. Example: Mt. St. Helen's eruption |
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| theory the evolution occurs slowly, gradually over time and in small changes |
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| the grouping of objects or information baed on similarities |
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| branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms |
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| system to scientifically name each organism with two names: genus and descriptive name. |
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| tiny, nonliving particles that cause diease |
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| the living cell in which viruses reproduce |
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| a virus that infects bacteria |
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| bacteria organisms that feed on dead organisms or organic wastes |
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| bacteria that require oxygen for cellular respiration |
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| bacteria than does not use oxygen for cellular respiration |
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| a hard outer covering that protects bacteria fron unfavorable environments |
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| a powerful poison that can cause sickness or death of an organism |
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| the asexual reproduction of bacteria |
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| a simple form of sexual reproduction of bacteria where on bacterium transfers all of its chromosome to another cell. |
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| a bacteria process that converts N2 gas into ammonia (NH3) |
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| a cytoplasm containing extensions of their plasma membranes used to engulf food |
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| a phylum of protists that have one or more flagella |
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| a phylum of protists that move by synchronized beating of cilia that cover their bodies |
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| parasitic non motile protozoans |
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| a reproductive cell that can produce a new organism without fertilization |
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| protists that have no wall outisde their cell membrane and move by pseudopodia |
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| threadlike filaments of fungi that develop from fungal spores |
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| a network of branches of hyphae |
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| the complex carbohydrate found in cell walls of most fungi |
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| specialized hyphae which penetrate and grow into host cells without killing them |
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| a form of asexual reproduction in which mitosis takes place and a new individual grows out and separates from a parent cell. |
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| a sac or case in which spores are produced |
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| other form of hyphae that penetrate down tinto the food and anchors to mycelium to its substrate |
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| saclike structures where sexual spores of fungi develop |
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| fungi that have club shaped hyphae that produce spores |
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| a symbiotic relationship in which a fungus lives in close contact with the roots of a plant partner |
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| a symbiotic association between a fungus and green alga |
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| have one seed leaf in a seed |
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| have two seed leaves in a seed |
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| scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments |
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| the portion of the Earth that supports life and includes water land and atmosphere |
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| all living organisms that inhabit an environment |
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| all nonliving parts of the environment |
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| the roles a species plays in the community |
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| a place where an organism lives out its life |
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| each feeding step in the food chain that passes energy and materials |
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