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| a variety of structural and behavioral adaptations help organisms regulate their internal environment |
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| rapidly or slowly occurring changes due to growth in an organism |
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| external conditions, such as weather, or internal conditions, such as the presence of infection |
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| an adjustment-requiring condition of an organism's environment |
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| reaction to an internal or external stimulus |
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| evolution of structural, internal or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in an environment; ie the large eyes of nocturnal animals |
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| testable explanation of a question or problem |
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| procedure by which scientists determine the validity of a hypothesis by collecting information |
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| the part of the experiment in which all conditions are kept constant |
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| results when a hypothesis is repeatedly verified over time and through many separate experiments |
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| most common type of scientific reasoning used in developing a hypothesis |
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| "if...then" reasoning used after forming a hypothesis |
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| in a controlled experiment, the one condition that is changed |
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| in a controlled experiment, the measurable condition that results from changing the independent variable |
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| science of life that seeks to provide an understanding of the natural world |
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| one of a class of substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means |
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| the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element |
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| atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
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| chemical bond formed when two atoms combine by sharing electrons |
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| A stable, positively charged subatomic particle |
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| a stable elementary particle present in all atoms |
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| an elementary particle having no charge, mass slightly greater than that of a proton |
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| bond formed by the mutual attraction of two ions of opposite change |
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| weak bond formed by attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and other atoms |
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| a molecule with a positive end and a negative end, resulting in an unequal distribution of charge |
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| the substance or substances of which any physical object consists or is composed |
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| an organism with a cell that lacks a true nucleus |
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| cell having a true nucleus and membrane-bound internal organelles |
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| the makeup of all living things |
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| the theory that says all living things are composed of one or more cells |
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| compound light microscope |
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| an instrument that magnifies living cells, small organisms and preserved cells by passing visible light through the object |
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| property of a plasma membrane that maintains the cell's homeostasis by the taking in of needed substances, the elimination of wastes and the prevention of harmful substances from entering |
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| loss of water from a cell resulting in a drop in turgor pressure |
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| movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration |
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| diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
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| continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration |
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| internal pressure of a cell due to water held there by osmotic pressure |
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| in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved materials is lower in the solution surrounding the cell than the concentration inside the cell |
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| solution in which the concentration of dissolved materials is higher in the solution surrounding the cell than the concentration inside the cell |
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| solution in cells in which dissolved materials and water occur in the same concentration as inside the cell |
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| process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight |
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| light splitting water during photosynthesis |
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| the reaction in photosynthesis in which energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy |
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| the anaerobic process of splitting glucose to form pyruvic acid |
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| a series of reactions in aerobic respiration that begins with pyruvic acid and produces CO2 |
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| the series of reactions in photosynthesis that make simple sugars from carbon dioxide and hydrogen |
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| the passing of electrons along a series of molecules, releasing energy as they go |
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| energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell's energy currency |
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| molecule occurring from the breaking off of a phosphate group from ATP resulting in the release of energy to do biological work |
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| anaerobic process in which pyruvic acid changes to lactic acid; can create an oxygen debt in exercised muscles, resulting in fatigue |
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| anaerobic process in which pyruvic acid is changed to ethyl alcohol and CO2 |
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| the dark-staining structures that contain the genetic material |
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| the sequence of growth and division of a cell makes up this cycle |
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| the two halves of a doubled chromosome structure |
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| the structures that hold together sister chromatids |
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| small dark cylindrical structures just outside the nucleus |
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| thin fiber structure that forms between the 2 poles during prophase |
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| uncontrolled division of cells |
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| segment of DNA located on the chromosome |
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| continuous sequence of growth and division of a cell |
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| the passing of characteristics form parents to offspring |
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| branch of biology that studies heredity |
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| male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs |
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| the uniting of the male and female gametes |
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| the process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma |
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| the alternate forms of a gene that are located on homologous chromosomes |
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| visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait |
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| hidden trait of an organism that is masked by a dominant trait |
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| outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes |
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| an organism's gene combination |
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| the alleles present for a trait are the same |
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| having nonidentical alleles for a particular trait |
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| a cross involving two different traits |
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| coracoid process of the scapula |
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| distal one-fourth of ulna |
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| medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoidprocess of ulna |
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| lateral epicondyle of humerus |
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| lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna |
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Definition
long head: infraqlenoid tubercle of scapula(lateral head)
inferior to greater tubercle on posterior humerus(medial head- posterior surface of humerus) |
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Definition
long head: supraqlenoid tubercle of scapula
short head:coracoid process of scapula |
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| distal half of humerus,anterior surface |
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| lateral supracondular ridge on the humerus |
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