Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flowering plant, seeds form in ovary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic (two haploid nuclei per cell) mycelium of a club fungus |
|
|
Term
| Basidium (plural basidia) |
|
Definition
| The reproductive appendage on the gills of mushrooms that produces spores |
|
|
Term
| Conidia (singular conidium) |
|
Definition
| haploid spore produced at the tip of a specialized hypha in ascomycetes during asexual reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fruiting body of a sac fungus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a saclike spore capsule located at the tip of the dikaryotic hypha of a sac fungus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The polysaccharide that is found in the cell walls of fungus and anthropod exoskeletons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specialized hypha that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meiosis occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The clade that includes the angiosperm and extinct lines of flowering plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The symbiotic relationship betwen fungus and plant roots. The fungus gets sugars and the plant gets water and minerals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sexual spores are produced in the basidium, basidiocarp is the fruiting body. Include important lignin decomposers (shelf fungi) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Largest group, sexual spores produced in asci, asexual reproduction by naked spores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resistant spherical spores are formed in the zygosporangium, form coenocytic hyphae (no cytokinesis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arbuscular mycorrhiza is when the fungus enters a plant's cell wall and folds the plasma membrane in (forming arbuscules), gaining nutrients from the cell as they are passed through the plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Few known species, but 90% of plant species are known hosts. Form arbuscules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most ancestral fungi group, globular fruiting body, only group with flagellated zoospore and gametes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two haploid nuclei per cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The small, leaf-like pieces that surround the petals before the flower opens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two haploid nuclei fuse to form one diploid nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two hypha of +/- mating types fuse their cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The female part of the flower (includes stigma, style, ovary, and ovules) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fungus that lacks septa and whose body is made of a continuous cytoplasmic mass that may contain hundreds or thousands of nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The internal cross walls that divide hyphae into multiple cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Septum with pore separates cell, allows transfer of cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where spore producing structures form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single-cell wide filaments that make of the mycelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The colorful part of the flower |
|
|
Term
| Absorptive Nutrition (two steps) |
|
Definition
1. hyphae secrete hydroliytic enzymes (digestion occurs outside of organism)
2. Absorption of broken down simple organic molecules
(Hyphae have more surface area and can break down cellulose and, sometimes, lignin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Becomes the first leaves of a new seedling (monocots have one, dicots have two) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Triploid (3n) nutritional material that is made when the second sperm fuses with the two polar nuclei in the ovule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two sperm cells from a pollen grain enter the ovule. One fertilizes the egg cell, and the other fertilizes the two polar nuclei to make up the endosperm |
|
|
Term
Central cell
(Polar nuclei) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 8 nuclei, 7 cells - forms the outside of the seed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Develops into the pollen tube that transports the sperm down the style to the ovules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell in pollen that divides to give rise to sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (n) male gametophyte (pollen) / sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The male part of the flower (includes the anther and the filament) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (n) female gametophyte / egg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Develops from the ovary of the flower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has both male and female reproductive parts concurrently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has both male and female parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No plant produces both male and female gametophyte, but only one or the other (think ginkos) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trees that lose their leaves in the winter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the flower that secretes nectar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surrounds the ovules, forms the fruit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stem-like part that attaches the ovary to the stigma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stem-like part that attaches the anther to the flower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sticky part of the flower that pollen adheres to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hairlike structures on the outside of eukaryotic cells that help facilitate movement and/or feeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A polyphyletic "kingdom" consisting of eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, animals, or fungi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plant parasites; water mold (Oomycetes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water mold; potato blight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eukaryotic cell engulfs an algal cell and uses its photosynthetic properties for energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hard, porous external wall of diatoms; composed mainly of silica |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have frustules; most common types of phytoplankton |
|
|
Term
| Stramenopiles (Heterokonts) |
|
Definition
| most are algae; flagellate cells have two types of flagella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cylindrical component of cytoskeleton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group consisting of an ancestor and all of its descendants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls reproductive functions only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains DNA for everything but reproductive functions |
|
|
Term
| Conjugation (in ciliates) |
|
Definition
| exchange of haploid (that have undergone meiosis) nuclei between two cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Apicomplexan parasites. Infection by these organisms is known as malaria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structure that allows Apicomplexans to penetrate a host's cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animal parasites; have apical complex; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any organisms that live in water and cannot swim against a current |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A proper clade: an ancestor and all of its decendants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In excavata; contain the organisms that help termites digest wood; lack mitochondria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in ciliates; vesicles under the cell membrane that provide shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marine plankton; "whirling" flagellum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presence of a kinetoplast, a DNA-containing granule located within the single mitochondrion associated with the base of the cell's flagella (the basal body) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two flagella, some of which are associated with a "mouth"; contains euglenids and kinetoplastids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thought to descend from an ancestor that took up green algae by secondary endosymbiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presence of cortical alveoli, flattened vesicles packed into a continuous layer supporting the membrane; contains Apicomplexa, Chromerida,Ciliates, Dinoflagellates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One organism harms the other as they live in close contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two organisms living in close contact with each other; both benefit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains only some of the organisms in a monophyletic clade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in some unicellular eukaryotic organisms; all organisms with mitosomes do not have mitochondria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mostly parasites; giardia; have two nuclei and four flagella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack classic mitochondria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group consisting of an ancestor and all of its decendants |
|
|
Term
| Phylogeny / Phylogenetic tree |
|
Definition
| Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesizes organic compounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic depending on conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains all of the organisms in a monophyletic clade and more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supergroup of mostly unicellular eukaryotes; have mictotubule supported pseudopods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Only one extant species; separate male and female trees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Woody plants in gymnosperms; highly diverse within gnetophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cone bearing trees; no ovaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seed producing plants that do not have flowers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tube created to transport the sperm to the ovules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Develops from integument; keeps embryo safe and protects against desiccation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small embryonic plant sporophyte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The small opening in the ovule that the pollen tube penetrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amoeboid protozoa; intricate mineral skeleton; zooplankton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tough outer layer of ovule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| develop into male gametophytes; haploid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| develop into female gametophytes; haploid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produce male and female spores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produce one spore that develops into a hermaphrodite gametophyte; mostly in ferns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gametophytes of homosporous plants; produce both eggs and sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non seed plants with vascular tissue; ferns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The spore producing stage; diploid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Club mosses; seedless vascular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Root like structures that provide stability; absorb water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major component of the tough outer walls of spores and pollen grains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The enclosure in which spores are formed; diploid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organ where gametes are produced; haploid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produces male gametes; haploid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produces female gametes; haploid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mosses; non vascular; gametophyte dominant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all non vascular land plants |
|
|
