Term
| What is a solution? and what is an example? |
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Definition
- An even distribution of solutes is a solvent
Example: Salt in water |
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Term
| What are the forms of energy that may be released during a chemical reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is qualitative data? |
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Definition
| Descriptive and involve characteristics that can't usually be counted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that make their own food |
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Term
| What are the structures found in the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
ER Ribosomes Mitochondrion Golgi Apparatus Vacuole Centrioles Nucleus |
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Term
| What is sexual reproduction? |
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Definition
| Two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism |
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Term
| In what organisms can a cell wall be found? |
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Definition
| Plants, algae, fungi, many prokaryotes |
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Term
| What is cell specializaton? |
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Definition
| Cells in an organism that can develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
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Term
| What structures are found in the nucleus? |
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Definition
- Chromatin
- Nuclear Envelope
- Nuclear Pores
- Nucleolus
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Term
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Definition
| When one or more electrons are transfered from one atom to another |
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Term
| What are the uses of radioactive isotopes? |
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Definition
- Determine ages of rocks
- Kill cancer
- Kill bacteria
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Term
| What are the principles of the cell theory? |
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Definition
- All living things are composed of cells
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
- New cells are produced from existing cells
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Term
| What organic compound is the main source of energy for living things? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of proteins? |
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Definition
- Control the rates of reactions
- Regulate cell processes
- Form bones and muscles
- Transport substances in and out of a cell
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Term
| Where does the Calvin Cycle take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up an ATP molecule and how is energy stored and released from it? |
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Definition
- Adenine
- 5-carbon sugar called ribose
- Three phosphate groups
Energy is released through the third phosphate group being broken off and energy is added by adding the thrid phosphate group |
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Term
| Why are water molecules an excellent example of polarity? What makes them polar? |
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Definition
They bond according to the polarity of oxygen and hydrogen atoms They are polar because the uneven distribution of hydrogen and oxygen atoms |
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Term
| What region of the visible spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does diffusion occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the goals of science? |
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Definition
- To investigate and understand the natural world
- To explain events in the natural world
- To use the explinations to make useful predictions
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Term
| What is another name for the light-independent cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the light dependent reactions take place? |
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Definition
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Term
What do thylakoid contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do modern scientist usually communicate their results and conclusions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to molecules when the equalibrium is reached? |
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Definition
| The molecules diffuse across the membrane equally |
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Term
| What are the porducts of light dependent reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the stroma, and what occurs there? |
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Definition
- Outside the thylakoids
- Calvin Cycle
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Term
| Why does the inside of the thylakoid membrance becme positibely charged in the light dependent reactions? |
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Definition
| Because electron carriers become charged |
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Term
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Definition
| Evidence; information gathered from observations |
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Term
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Definition
| Possible explination for a set of observation or possible answer to a scientific question |
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Term
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Definition
| Well-tested explinatin that unifies a broad range of observations |
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Term
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Definition
| Science that seeks to understand the living world |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal enviorment |
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Term
| What are the basic metric units of measurments? |
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Definition
- (Length)-Meter(m)
- (Mass)-Kilogram(kg)
- (Volume)-Liter(L)
- (Temperature)-Celcius(c)
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Term
| What is a compund light microscope? |
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Definition
| Microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single orginial cell |
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Term
| What is cell fractionation? |
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Definition
| Technique in which cells are broken into pieces and the different cell parts are seperated |
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Term
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Definition
| Instrument that can spin a tube up to 20,000 times per minute. This causes the cells to seperate. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Greek philosopher who discovered atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| An atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element |
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Term
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Definition
| A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| The smallest unit of most compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| A bond formed when one or more electrons are transfered from one atom to another |
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Term
|
Definition
| Materials composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of water and nondissolved materials |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed |
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Term
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Definition
| Compunds that form hydrogen ions (H+) in solutions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Compounds that produce hydroxide ions (OH+) in solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end |
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
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Term
| What are monosaccharides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are polysaccharides? |
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Definition
| Macromolecules formed by monosaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Elements or compunds produced by a chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Monomers of nubleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
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Term
| What is activation energy? |
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Definition
| Energy needed to get a reaction started |
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Term
| How much ATP is produced through Glycolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much ATP is produced through the Kreb's Cycle? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How much ATP is produced through the Electron Transport Chain? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much ATP is produced through Cellular Respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reaction for Cellular Respiration? |
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Definition
| Oxygen + Glucose ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP |
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Term
| What are the stages of Cellular Respiration in order? |
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Definition
- Glycolysis
- Kreb's Cycle
- Electron Trasport Chain
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Term
| What are the three types of electron carriers and the process they are in? |
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Definition
- ADP:All process
- NAD:All process
- FAD:Kreb's Cycle
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Term
| What is te starting molecule of the Kreb's Cycle? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the reactants of the Kreb's Cycle? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the products of the Jreb's Cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the levels of organization? |
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Definition
| Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Group of Cells, Cells, Molecules |
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Term
| What are the different types of molecules? |
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Definition
| Light microscopes, Compound Light Microscopes, Electron Microscopes |
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Term
| What does a Compound Light Microscope do? |
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Definition
| Allows light to pass through a specimen and use two lenses to form an image |
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Term
| What does an Electron Microscope do? |
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Definition
| Uses beam of electrons rather than light to produce images |
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Term
| What does a transmission electron microscope do? |
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Definition
| Shines a beam of electrons through a thin specimen |
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Term
| What does a scanning electron microscope do? |
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Definition
| Scan a narrow beam of electrons back and forth across the surface of a specimen |
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Term
| What is the problem with electron microscopes? |
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Definition
| The substances have to be dehydrated before you can use them |
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Term
| What is an atom made up of? |
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Definition
| Protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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Term
|
Definition
| Proteins that act as biological catalysts |
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Term
|
Definition
| A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Jan van Helmont do? |
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Definition
| He said that trees gain most of their mass from water |
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Term
| What did Jan Ingenhousz do? |
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Definition
| He said that plants produce oxygen bubbles in the light but not in the dark |
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Term
| What did Joseph Priestley do? |
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Definition
| He found out that plants produce oxygen |
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Term
| What does the nucleus do? |
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Definition
| It is the command center for all cell functions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Produce proteins by following instructions for the nucleus |
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Term
| What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do? |
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Definition
| Lipid components of the cell membrane are assembeled |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What does the Golgi Apparatus do? |
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Definition
| Modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the ER |
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Term
|
Definition
| Breakdown things to be used by the cell |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What do mitochondrion do? |
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Definition
| Convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that can be used by the cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy |
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Term
|
Definition
| The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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Term
| What is active transport? |
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Definition
| When cells have to move proteins in and out of the cell |
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|
Term
| What does active transport require? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the different types of tissues? |
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Definition
| cells, tissues, organs, organ systems |
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|
Term
| What effects the rate of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| Water, temperature, intensity of light |
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|
Term
| What does a defect of the p53 do? |
|
Definition
| Causes irregular cell multiplying, causes cancer |
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Term
|
Definition
| Regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells |
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