Term
| Define and list the characteristics of passive transport. |
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Definition
Movement of molecules that does not require the cell to use up energy.
-Doesn't use up cell's energy.
-Moves from high concentration to low until equilibrium is reached.
-Smaller molecules move by passive transport. |
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Term
| Define and list the characteristics of active transport. |
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Definition
Movement of molecules that requires the cell to use up energy.
-Requires cell's energy.
-Molecules move from high to low or from low to high concentration, doesn't stop at equilibrium.
-Larger molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached. (PASSIVE) |
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Term
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Definition
| The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane. (PASSIVE) |
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Term
| What is specific transport? |
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Definition
| Proteins embedded in the cell membrane transport or pump molecules through the cell membrane into the cell. |
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Term
| What are phagocytosis and pinocytosis? |
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Definition
| Cell eating/cell drinking. |
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Term
| What does a cell membrane look like? (there's a spiffy picture) |
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Definition
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Term
| Define mitosis and give its purpose. |
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Definition
The division of one cell into two new cells genetically identical to the original.
Purpose: Growth, repair, and maintainance of tissue. |
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Term
| Define meiosis and give its purpose. |
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Definition
The division of one cell into 4 new cells with half the chromosomes as the original.
Purpose: To keep number of chromosomes constant after fertilization, to provide variation. |
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Term
| Meiosis and mitosis produce diploid or haploid cells? |
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Definition
Meiosis - haploid
Mitosis - diploid |
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Term
| Know DNA structure. There's a spiffy picture. |
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Definition
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Term
| Get out your diagram for meiosis and study 'em. |
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Definition
| There. Now don't you feel smarter? |
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Term
| Get out your diagram for mitosis and study 'em. |
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Definition
| There. Now don't you feel smarter? |
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Term
| How does DNA differ between individuals and species? |
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Definition
| Humans have 99.9% identical DNA. Varies in order of base pairs. Between species, number of chromosomes varies. |
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Term
| What is protein synthesis? |
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Definition
| The process of making proteins. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of protein synthesis? |
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Definition
-Make up cell structure
-Control chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A sequence of 3 nucleotides that code for one amino acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sequence of 3 nucleotides on the tRNA that match up with the codon on the mRNA. |
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Term
| Name the 3 steps of translation. |
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Definition
1) mRNA lands on ribosome
2) tRNA finds an amino acid and brings it to the ribosome where it matches up with its codon on the mRNA.
3) Peptide bonds link the amino acids together to form proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA | RNA | -has thymine
-cannot leave nucleus
-double stranded
-has deoxyribose
-DNA is stable | -has uracil
-can leave nucleus
-single stranded
-has ribose
-RNA is used and recycled |
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Term
| Contrast transcription and translation. |
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Definition
| Transcription | Tranlation | -takes place in nucleus
-copies DNA
-uses DNA and mRNA | -takes place at ribosome
-putting amino acids in order
-uses mRNA and tRNA |
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Term
| What is classification and why do we use it? |
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Definition
| Classification is the grouping of living organisms into categories based on physical and genetic traits. Purpose: Organization, communication, and to show relationships. |
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Term
| List the domains and their characteristics. |
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Definition
Archeobactia: Prokaryotic, autotrophic + chemosynthetic.
Eubacteria: Prokaryotic, heterotrophic or autotrophic + photosynthetic.
Eukaryotes: Eukaryotic. (5 kingdoms under this category)
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Term
| List the 5 kingdoms and their characteristics. |
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Definition
Protista: Uni- or multicellular. Either autotrophs but not plantlike, or heterotrophs.
Fungi: Filamentous, heterotrophs and absorb food.
Plantae: Multicellular, autotrophic + photosynthetic.
Animal: Multicellular, heterotrophic. 9 phylums under animals. |
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Term
| List the heirarchy for classifications. |
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Definition
| Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species |
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Term
| What is a karyotype? What does it show/not show? |
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Definition
| A karyotype is a photograph of a person's chromosomes. It shows size and number of chromosomes. It does not show individual genes. |
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Term
| What is cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Converting stored food energy to usable energy. Takes place in the mitochondria. |
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Term
| What is the formula for cellular respiration? |
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Definition
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---enzymes---> 6CO2 + ATP + Heat + 6H2O
Know where each part comes from and goes. |
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Term
| List the 5 purposes of cell respiration. |
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Definition
| Active transport, division, movement, chemical reactions, growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenosine triphosphate: Molecule with a high energy bond that is easily broken to provide usable energy for the cell to do work. They can be recycled by adding another phosphate molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme is a catalyst, or a molecule that makes reactions occur with a lower activation energy. |
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Term
| List the characteristics of enzymes. |
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Definition
1) They lower the amount of activation energy
2) They aren't changed in a reaction
3) Their names end in "ase"
4) They work on molecules called substrates
5) They have specificity: each enzyme only fits one substrate
6) Each reaction requires its own enzyme
7) The DNA tells the cells what enzymes to make. |
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Term
| List the factors effecting enzyme reaction. |
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Definition
1)Concentration of enzymes
2)Temperature
3)Extreme pH's
4)Inhibitors
5)Heavy metal ions
6)Coenzymes
7)Concentration of substrate |
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