Term
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Definition
- COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN CARBON AND USUALLY HYDROGEN
- EXAMPLES: CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, LIPIDS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
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Term
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Definition
- COMPOUNDS THAT, FOR THE MOST PART, DO NOT CONTAIN CARBON
- EXCEPTIONS: CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, AND OTHERS
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Term
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Definition
- MAKES A COMPOUND HYRDOPHILIC AND POLAR
- EXAMPLES: ALDEHYDE (C=O group is at the end of chain) AND KETONE (C=O group is anywhere but at en of chain)
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Term
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Definition
- A CARBONYL GROUP WITH AN -OH AT THE END
- FOUND IN AMINO ACIDS
- COMPOUNDS CONTAINING CARBOXYL GROUPS ARE KNOWN AS CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
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Term
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Definition
- IS PRESENT IN COMPOUNDS KNOWN AS ALCOHOLS
- THE STRUCTURE IS R-OH
- MAKES A COMPOUND POLAR AND HYDROPHILIC
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Term
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Definition
- SERVES AS A CELLULAR ENERGY SOURCE (ADP, ATP, AND GDP)
- IS ACIDIC
- R-O-PO3
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Term
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Definition
- AN ORGANIC COMPOUND USED BY CELLS AS LONG-TERM ENERGY STORES OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- IS HYDROPHOBIC AND INSOLUBLE IN WATER
- MOST IMPORTANT LIPIDS: FATS, OILS, STEROIDS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS
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Term
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Definition
- ARE MADE BY COMBINING GLYCEROL AND THREE FATTY ACIDS
- MORE EFFECTIVE MEANS OF STORING ENERGY THAN CARBOHYDRATES
- TWO MAIN TYPES: SATURATED AND UNSATURATED
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Term
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Definition
- CONTAINS NO DOUBLE BONDS (ANIMAL FAT)
- ASSOCIATED WITH HEART DISEASE AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
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Term
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Definition
- CONTAINS ONE OR MORE DOUBLE BONDS (PLANT FAT)
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Term
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Definition
- A LIPID COMPOSED OF FOUR CARBON RINGS THAT LOOK LIKE CHICKEN-WIRE FENCING IN PICTORIAL REPRESENTATIONS
- EXAMPLES: CHOLESTEROL, TESTOSTERONE, ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE
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Term
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Definition
- A LIPID FORMED BY COMBINING A GLYCEROL MOLECULE WITH TWO FATTY ACIDS AND A PHOSPHATE GROUP
- HAS A HYDROPHOBIC TAIL AND A HYDROPHILIC HEAD
- IS THE MAJOR COMPONENT OF CELL MEMBRANES
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Term
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Definition
- SIMPLER CARBOHYDRATE
- MONOSACCHARIDES WITH 5 CARBONS ARE USED IN RNA AND ATP
- EXAMPLE: GLUCOSE
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Term
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Definition
- A SUGAR CONSISTING OF TWO MONOSACCHARIDES BOUND TOGETHER
- EXAMPLES: SUCROSE, MALTOSE, AND LACTOSE
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Term
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Definition
- A CHARBOHYDRATE CONTAINING 3 OR MORE MONOSACCHARIDES LINKED TOGETHER
- EXAMPLES: STARCH (STORAGE IN PLANTS), CELLULOSE (USED FOR PLANTS FOR CELL WALL FORMATION), AND CHITIN (PART OF EXOSKELETONS OF ARTHROPODS)
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