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Definition
| Take materials from its external environment and change them into forms it can use. |
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Definition
| Substances needed for energy, growth, repair/maintenance |
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Definition
| Substances enter and leave the cell and become distributed within the cells |
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Definition
| Releasing chemical energy |
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Definition
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Definition
| Maintaining a constant, stable, internal environment |
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Term
| Homeostasis Example- Sweating |
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Definition
| It evaporates which draws heat out of body. |
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| Homeostasis Example- Shivering |
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Definition
| Release a hormone that increases our metabolism which helps us generate heat. |
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Definition
| All the chemical reactions occurring in the cells of an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| eyepiece(10)X Objective lens(4, 10, 40) |
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Term
| Preparing a Wet Mount Slide |
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Definition
| 1- Put a drop of H2O on the slide 2- Place object in H2O 3- Hold coverslip at 45 degree angle 4- Slowly lower onto slide |
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Term
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Definition
| 1- Place a drop of stain at edge of coverslip 2- Touch paper towel at opposite end to draw stain under |
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| Staining specimens allows _______________________________ |
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Definition
| certain cell parts to become more visible |
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Term
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Definition
| 1- Put slide on stage 2- Focus on low power with coarse adjustment know 3-CENTER SLIDE 4- switch to high focus using fine adjustment knob |
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Term
| Why do you use the fine adjustment know on high power? |
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Definition
| If you use the coarse adjustment knob it will cause the slide to crash into the slide |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses electron beams instead of light- Magnifies images 250,000X |
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Term
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Definition
| Separate substances with an electrical charge |
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Definition
| Technique used to separate substances based on their chemical or physical properties Ex- plant pigment |
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Definition
| Separates cell parts according to their densities |
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Term
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Definition
| 1- All things are made of cells 2- Cells carry on life activities 3- All cells come from preexisting cells |
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Definition
| Contains hereditary material (DNA) |
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Definition
| 2 layer structure made of lipids and proteins that controls the passage of materials |
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Definition
| Rigid structure that gives cell strength, shape, and protects it (Plant only) |
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Definition
| Fluid filled canals used for transporting materials throughout a cell, intracellular transport |
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Definition
| Site of protein synthesis |
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Definition
| Contain digestive enzymes that helps digest food, breakdown old cell parts, and fights disease, breakdown of food, bacteria |
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Definition
| Site of cellular and aerobic respiration, releases energy |
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Definition
| Involved in mitosis, cylindrical shaped found near nucleus (Animal only) |
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Definition
| Fluid filled, used to store food and wastes. Plants have a central/ large vacuole |
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Definition
| Contain green pigment in chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis (Plants only) |
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Term
| Structures smallest to largest |
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Definition
| Organelles-->Cells-->Tissues-->Organs-->Systems-->Multicellular Organism |
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Definition
| Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low (with concentration gradient) |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion of water across a membrane (with concentration gradient) |
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Term
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Definition
| Materials move across cell membrane without using energy (with concentration gradient) |
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Term
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Definition
| Materials move across cell membrane by using energy (against concentration gradient) |
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Term
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Definition
| Solid particles are in taken by a vesicle (active transport) |
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Term
| Living things are classified based on similarities in: |
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Definition
| 1- Structures 2- Genetics 3- Embryos |
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Term
| Classification Categories |
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Definition
| Kingdom-->Phylum--->Class-->Order-->Family-->Genus-->Species |
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Term
| Genus? Species? Lynx rufus |
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Definition
| Lynx=Genus rufus=species ****Genus is always capital species is lower case |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of pair statements that describe their presence or absence of certain characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
<-|-------|-------|->
1-acid 7-neutral 14-base |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances that changes color to indicate pH |
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Term
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Definition
| Blue--> Orange (orange=glucose) |
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Term
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Definition
| Orange-->Black (Black=Starch) |
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Term
| Indicator- Bromthymol Blue |
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Definition
| Blue-->Yellow (Yellow=CO2) |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains both Hydrogen and Carbon C6H12O6 |
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Term
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Definition
| Does not contain both Hydrogen and Carbon NaCl H2O CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Sugars end in ose, hydrogen to oxygen ratio is 2:1, C6H12O6 C12H24O11 |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 sugar, smallest, simplest (simple sugars), glucose, fructose |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 sugars, formed by joining 2 monosaccharaides, maltose, sucrose |
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Term
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Definition
| 3+ sugars, most complex, made of many simple sugars |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 molecules are bonded together by removing a water molecule |
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Term
| c6h12o6+c6h12o6-->c12h24o11+h2o |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules broken apart by adding water, complex to simple form |
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Term
| c12h24o11+h2o-->c6h12o6+c6h12o6 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Fats, oils, waxes, serve as a reserve for energy supply, made of glycerol and fatty acids
Glycerol+3fatty acids-->lipid+3h20 (DS) |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, amino acids are building blocks, peptides and dipeptide bonds aa+aa-->dip+h2o |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein substances that are necessary for most of the chemical reactions that occur in living things, organic catalyst |
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Term
| Factors Affecting Enzyme Action |
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Definition
| Temperature, pH, enzyme/substrate concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of changing light energy to chemical energy, storing od energy CO2+H2O-->C6H12O6+O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Make their own food (plants, bacteria, some protists) |
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Definition
| Get organic food from the environment (animals, fungi) |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the light reaction occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the dark reaction occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Photochemical Reaction (happens first), light energy splits water (photolysis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon Fixation Reactions (happens second)PGAL-->Glucose |
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Term
| What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| Light Intensity, Temperature, Water and Mineral Availability, CO2 Concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Tiny openings in the leaves, take in CO2 release O2 and H2O, guard cells protect and control openings and closings |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose+o2-->co2+h2o+36ATP |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose-->Lactic Acid+2ATP |
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Definition
| Anaerobic Respiration (Muscle) |
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Term
| Glucose--> Alcohol+co2+2ATP |
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Definition
| Anaerobic Respiration (Yeast) |
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Term
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Definition
| Does not require oxygen, Fermentation |
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Definition
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Definition
| Process of releasing energy from food, autotrophs and heterotrophs, h20+ATP-->ADP+P+energy |
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Definition
| Changes physical shape of food, increases surface area exposed to digestive enzymes |
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Definition
| Digestive enzymes breakdown food into their building blocks so they can diffuse into cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical and chemical digestion, breakdown of starch begins |
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Term
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Definition
| Flap the prevents food from entering the trachea |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary muscular contractions that force food through the digestive track |
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Definition
| Mechanical and chemical digestion, (hcl pepsin chyme) Gastric juices, breakdown of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Where most digestion occurs, contains villi |
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Term
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Definition
| Amylase-Starch, Protease-Protein, Trypsin-Protein, Lipase-Lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| In the small intestine to increase surface size to allow more absorbtion to occur |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Carbohydrates-->Simple Sugars, Proteins-->Amino Acids, Lipids--> Fatty Acids and Glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
| No digestion occurs here, reabsorbs water from undigested materials |
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Term
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Definition
| Transports materials to and from all parts of the organism, has 3 parts: Fluid, pump, tubes |
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Term
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Definition
| Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, thick walls to stand pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Tiny vessels where blood and cells exchange materials |
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Term
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Definition
| Wall that separates left and rights sides of heart to prevent oxygenated blood from mixing with deoxygenated |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathway of blood between heart and lungs, o2 added co2 removed |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathway of o2 blood between heart and rest of body |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood that supplies the heart cells with nutrients and oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry oxygen, contains hemoglobin in the cytoplasm, no nucleus, made in bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| Protect the body from disease harming organisms, contain nucleus, made in bone marrow and lymphatic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, round blood fragments that trigger the blood clotting process |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell membrane is in direct contact with water, o2 diffuses in co2 diffuses out |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells are in direct contact with environment, diffusion and active transport move materials in and out of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle below lungs, involuntary, contracted=inhale relaxed=exhale |
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Term
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Definition
| Diaphragm and ribs change the air pressure, lungs are elastic not a muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Controlled in the Medulla, increase co2, increase in rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve cells that send impulses from one part of the body to another |
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Term
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Definition
| Message carried by nerve cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Any changes in the external/ internal environment (temp, light, sound, food) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sense organs, structure s that detect a stimulus (ears, nose, eyes, hands) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Carry out the response, muscles-contract, glands-secrete chemicals |
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Definition
| Gap between neurons where impulse travels |
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Definition
| Chemical releases into synapse that relays messages to adjacent neurons |
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Definition
| Center of thought, memory, and learning, initiates all voluntary movements |
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Term
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Definition
| Coordinates all motor activities (voluntary), maintains the bodys balance |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls all involuntary activities: breathing, heart beat/pressure, peristalsis |
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Term
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Definition
| Receptors-->Sensory Neurons-->Interneurons--> Motor Neurons-->Effectors |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesize, package, and secrete |
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