Term
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Definition
| A falsifiable and testable statement. |
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Term
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Definition
| An educated guess of what may happen in the experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Some factor in an experiment which can influence or change the outcome. |
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Term
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Definition
| The variable(s) which the scientist keeps the same. |
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Term
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Definition
| The variable which is manipulated by the scientist. |
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Term
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Definition
| The variable which the scientist is observing. |
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Term
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Definition
| The group which stays the same. |
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Term
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Definition
| The group which has a variable changed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Data which does contain numbers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Data which doesn't contain numbers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Made for doing stuff properly. Make observations, do research, form hypothesis, predictions, design and test experiment, analyze results, evaluate hypothesis, refine experiment. |
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Term
| Three Traits of a Biologist |
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Definition
| Scholarship, observation, and thinking, |
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Term
| Frecesco Redi's Maggot Experiment |
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Definition
| To support or disprove the common belief of Spontaneous Generation, Redi left two jars with meat out, one with a cloth covering and one open. Maggots appeared on the meat which was open since the flies could reach it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Being able to intake food to remain healthy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The breaking down of nutrients to use them. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to change location or position. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The removal of harmful wastes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Being able to sense and react to stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| The creation of more organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A being which fulfills all of the traits of life. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The mass of an organism after all the water has been removed. |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the chemical reactions in an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in the environment which can be detected by an organism's five senses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Offspring identical to parent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Offspring mix of two parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Nutrition |
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Term
| Formula for Cellular Repiration |
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Definition
| Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP) |
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Term
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Definition
| Thousands and thousands of atoms bound together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small parts which make up polymers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecules which are made up of monomers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for building things like muscle. Monomers are amino acids. 4KCal/g of energy. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sugars and starches used for energy. Monomers are monosaccharides and disaccharides. 4 KCal/g of energy. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fats and oils used for energy. Monomers are triglycerides. 9KCal/g of energy. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Used for storage. Composed of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol. |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA, stores genetic information. Monomers are nucleotides. |
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Term
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Definition
| Monomers of nucleic acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Break down polymers into monomers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestive enzymes for proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A type of carbohydrate-digesting enzyme found in the salivary glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| The digestive enzymes for lipids. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A type of lipid-digesting enzyme found in the pancreas. |
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Term
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Definition
| The digestive enzymes for nucleic acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaking apart polymers into monomers. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 4 Types of Biological Macromolecules |
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Definition
| Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. |
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Term
| Steps to Acquire Nutrients |
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Definition
| Ingestion, Digestion, Absorbtion |
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Term
| Amount of Energy in Proteins and Carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
| Amount of Energy in Lipids |
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Definition
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Term
| KCal and Food Calorie Relationship |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest unit of life. Everything is made up of these. Old ones reproduce to make new ones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleic acids enclosed in protein capsules which are able to infect cells and create more. Able to evolve and adapt despite not being considered alive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed up of only one cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of two or more cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple cells. Do not have nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Store DNA in the cytoplasm. Unicellular. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex cells which have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Can be unicellular or multicellular. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures in cells which each have their own specific function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin coat around the cell. Allows certain things to enter or exit the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gel like fluid which all of the other organelles float around in. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rigid coating around the cell membrane. Provides support and protection. |
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Term
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Definition
| A membrane-bound organelle which hold the DNA. The "brain" of the cell. Holds the nucleolus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inside the nucleus. Makes ribosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer of coating outside the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where prokaryotic cells hold their DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein structures which provide support for the cell. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Make proteins. Can be free or attached. |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) |
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Definition
| An extension of the nuclear envelope which is covered in ribosomes. This is where proteins are made. |
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Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) |
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Definition
| An extension of the nuclear envelope which has many vital enzymes and is responsible for many chemical reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stacks of folded membrane which pack and modify proteins from the RER. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A membrane-bound organelle full of enzymes which breaks down food. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A membrane-bound space which stores food/water. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Store chlorophyll. Site of photosynthesis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Makes energy for the cell. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small membrane-lined bubbles in cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
I. Cells are the smallest unit of life.
II. All living organisms are made up of cells.
III. All cells come from preexisting cells. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| When new species are formed after adapting and evolving a lot. |
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Term
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Definition
| An unexpected change in DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Because of mutations, this is commonplace. Differences between two members of one species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Survival of the fittest. The individuals with the highest fitness rate are most likely to survive. |
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Term
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Definition
| When humans make organisms reproduce in order to gain desired traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| When natural selection happens, then the species evolve to become more suited to the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures which are similar and acquired from the last common ancestor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures which are similar but formed differently, since the last common ancestor did not give that trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures which used to be useful, but now are only remains of it since the organism no longer had use for it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Founder of the Evolutionary Theory. Traveled on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos to study Finches. Wrote On the Origin of Species in 1859. |
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Term
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Definition
| The relatedness of two organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The two names used to indicate a specific organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Charts which show evolutionary relatives. Also know as a phylogenetic tree. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms know for living in extreme conditions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Microscopic organisms which live everywhere and constantly break down stuff and recycle. Only some are pathogenic. |
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Term
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Definition
| The only domain of life in which everything is composed of eukaryotic cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
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Term
| Binomial Nomenclature Foramat |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota |
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Term
| Four Kingdoms of Eukaryota |
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Definition
| Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Able to infect or harm other organisms. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Archaea which live in very salty conditions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Archaea which live in very hot conditions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| How Prokaryotic cells reproduce. One cell clones its DNA and then splits. |
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Term
|
Definition
| One of the four kingdoms of Eukaryota. Organisms which don't fit perfectly into the other three kingdoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feed by releasing digestive enzymes into the environment. Decomposers and parasites. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Consumers and parasites. Classified by their movement. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chloroplasts and photosynthesis. Producers. Algae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digest decaying matter by forming colonies. Fungus-like. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feed off of others. Fungus-like. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Can be multicellular, yet simple. (Red, brown, green) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pseudopods through extensions of cytoplasm. Amoeboid movement. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Parasites which move using flagella. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protists which put food into their gullet and move around using cilia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Don't move. Plasmodium is a wall-know type since it causes Malaria. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Something which eats other organisms. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Something which eats dead matter. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Something which makes its own food (usually through photosynthesis). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Something which lives inside of other organisms and feeds off of them. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane. |
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Term
| How are Protists classified? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How are Animal-like Protists classified? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How do Protists save themselves from Osmosis? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| The main part of a fungi. Where nutrients are squired. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The protein which Fungi's cell walls are made. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The reproductive part of fungi. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Yeast and others which are multicellular. Form sacs for reproducing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used for bread. Only unicellular fungus. Sac fungus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mushrooms and other umbrella-shaped fungi. Some are edible but others are poisonous. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fungi which don't fit into any other categories. Mostly parasites and asexual. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An example of Symbiosis (living together for mutual benefits) between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism. |
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Term
| Which part of a Fungus is the biggest? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Green stuff inside of chloroplasts. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A carbohydrate which makes up plant cell walls. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A special coating which prevents water loss. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Nonvascular seedless plants. Examples are mosses and liverworts. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Seeded plants that bear their seeds directly on the surface on cones. Literally means "naked seed". |
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Term
|
Definition
| Flowering plants that bear their seeds in their swelled ovaries (also called fruits). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Not related to blood vessels. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The embryo of a plant that is encased in a protective covering. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A plant with one seed-leaf. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A plant with two seed-leaves. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process by which plants (and some others) use light in a chemical reaction to "create" energy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pores on leaves that open and closed for photosynthesis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The "middle cells" that make up the majority of leaves and perform photosynthesis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cells which are in charge of opening and closing stomata. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Plant stem structures which contain xylem and phloem for transporting food and water. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vascular tissue that carries water. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vascular tissue that carries food. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of transporting water throughout plants. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Underground organs in plants that absorb water and minerals and help anchor plants. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Supporting structures that connect roots and leaves, containing vascular bundles. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The photosynthetic organs of plants. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The colorful reproductive organ for Angiosperms. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stiff, inflexible, dry, rough stem. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Flexible, green, fresh, moist, bendy stem. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The swelled ovary which contains the seeds in Angiosperms. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The tendency of plants to grow towards light. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The tendency of plants to grow away from the earth. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The transfer of pollen from the male gametophyte to the female gametophyte. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When a plant starts to emerge from its seed, usually sparked by signs for prosperous growth, such as after a fire or such. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Protective "mini" leaves on the bottom of a flower. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bright, attractive structures on a flower to attract pollinators. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The male part of a flower. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Flower structures that produce pollen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The female part of a flower. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The part of a plant which contains the seeds. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The sticky part of a flower where pollen is. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The first part of the plant to emerge from the seed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The first leaf that emerges from the seed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A seed-leaf in a plant embryo. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The hard outer coating of a seed. |
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Term
| Why can Bryophytes not grow tall? |
|
Definition
| They lack vascular tissue, and therefore cannot deliver nutrients to the entire plant. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An organism which receives it's nutrients from other organisms. |
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Term
| Formula for Photosynthesis |
|
Definition
| Light + Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Oxygen + Glucose |
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Term
|
Definition
| A transfer of gases between internal and external environments of plants. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of transporting food and nutrients throughout plants. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| When an organism is divided in half so that it has an identical, mirror image right and left side. (EX: Frogs, Humans, Beetles) |
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Term
|
Definition
| When an organism can be divided in several identical "slices" with no right or left. (EX: Sea Anemone) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cell for sending and receiving messages. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The concentration of central nervous tissue in the anterior end of an organism, usually in the form of a head. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An animal that eats only meat. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An animal that eats only plants. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An animal that eats plants and meat. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An animal that eats dead or decaying matter. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Removal of undigested material. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fluids moved around to carry gasses and nutrients in animals. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When there are separate holes for ingestion and egestion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When there is one hole for ingestion and egestion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An animal without a backbone. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An animal with a backbone. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A hollow ball of cells formed as a stage of a zygote. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The fold in the blastula. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Outside germ layer. Forms the skin and sense organs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Middle germ layer. Forms all other muscles and organs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inner germ layer. Forms digestive and respiratory organs. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Coelom between dermis and digestive tract. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Octopods, Gastropods, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Crustaceans, insects, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, tunicates, and lancets. Only phylum with vertebrates. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
|
Definition
| The "universal currency of the cell" |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chemical signals which send messages across the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The level an organism is at in an ecosystem. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The communities of organisms and the environments they inhabit. |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A diagram showing one organism at each trophic level. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Shows many predator/prey relationships. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Contaminating the environment in a negative manner. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The movement of carbon between the biosphere and atmosphere. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fuel from the remains of ancient organisms. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A hormone which induces the "fight or flight" response. Produced in the Pituitary gland. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Gases exiting the atmosphere are deflected back to earth due to gases in the air, thus warming up the earth. |
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