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Biology Pre-AP Cell Theory + Cell Organs vocabulary
Cell Theory, Structures and Functions, Membranes and Transport
28
Biology
9th Grade
10/15/2012

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Term
Cells
Definition
Basic units of life
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
Theory that new cells can only be produced from the divison of existing cells
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
Flexible membrane that surrounds all cells
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Large membrane-enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities
Term
Eukaryotes
Definition
Cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei
Term
Prokaryotes
Definition
Cells that don't enclose their DNA in nuclei
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Portion of the cell outside the nucleus
Term
Organelles
Definition
Structures inside of the cell that act like specialized organs
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Small organelles filled with enzymes to break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Network of protein filaments that give Eukaryotic cells their shape
Term
Centrioles
Definition
Located near the nucleus and help organize cell division
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cell; also produce proteins from coded instructions from the DNA
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Definition
Where lipid components of the cell are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
Most cells, including prokaryotes, also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane known as a cell wall
Term
Lipid Bilayer
Definition
Gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Term
Selectively Permeable
Definition
Meaning that some substances can pass across them and others cannot
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Process in which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area to an area of lower concentration
Term
Facilitated Diffusion
Definition
This process in which molecules cannot directly diffuse across the membrane and pass through special protein channels
Term
Aquaporins
Definition
Water channel proteins that allow water to pass right through them
Term
Osmosis
Definition
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane; molecules move from an area of higher concentration to a lower area of concentration
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Both solutions on either side of the membrane are equal
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell; net movement of water molecules out of the cell causes it to shrink
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
The solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell; net movement of water molecules into the cell causes it to swell
Term
Osmotic Pressure
Definition
Net movement of water out of or into a cell produces this force
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