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| Theory that new cells can only be produced from the divison of existing cells |
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| Flexible membrane that surrounds all cells |
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| Large membrane-enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities |
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| Cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei |
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| Cells that don't enclose their DNA in nuclei |
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| Portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
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| Structures inside of the cell that act like specialized organs |
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| Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
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| Small organelles filled with enzymes to break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell |
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| Network of protein filaments that give Eukaryotic cells their shape |
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| Located near the nucleus and help organize cell division |
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| Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cell; also produce proteins from coded instructions from the DNA |
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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| Where lipid components of the cell are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
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| Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell |
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| Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
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| Convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
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| Most cells, including prokaryotes, also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane known as a cell wall |
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| Gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings |
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| Meaning that some substances can pass across them and others cannot |
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| Process in which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area to an area of lower concentration |
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| This process in which molecules cannot directly diffuse across the membrane and pass through special protein channels |
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| Water channel proteins that allow water to pass right through them |
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| The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane; molecules move from an area of higher concentration to a lower area of concentration |
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| Both solutions on either side of the membrane are equal |
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| The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell; net movement of water molecules out of the cell causes it to shrink |
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| The solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell; net movement of water molecules into the cell causes it to swell |
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| Net movement of water out of or into a cell produces this force |
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