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biology & pathology of cancer
biology & pathology of cancer
39
Biology
Not Applicable
06/27/2005

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Term
cancer
Definition
disease of the cells; every malignancy arises from one cell or a group of cells that were altered at the gene level
Term
hypertrophy

muscle

Definition
cells increase in size as the person grows

cells get larger but # of cells do not increase

give term and example

Term
hyperplasia
Definition
growth by increasing the number of cells
Term
neoplasia
Definition
new cell that is not needed for normal development in replacement of damaged tissues that persists after removal of its initial stimulus
Term
neoplasia
Definition
results in either a benign tumor or cancer and is always abnormal
Term
tissues that divide throught your lifespan
Definition
cancer most commonly occurs in what type of tissues
Term
irreversible changes
Definition
a type of change in cellular structure that experience cellular death or changes that prove to be lethal
Term
reversible

&

irreversible

Definition
the two types of changes in cellular structure are called
Term
reversible
Definition
a type of change in cellular structure that is consistent with cell survival if the cause is corrected
Term
enzymes destroying the cells
Definition
how are dead cells recognized under the microscope?
Term
redness

warmth

pain

Definition
name 3 characteristics of inflammation
Term
hypoxia

microbial infection

Definition
name 2 things that can cause inflammation
Term
hypoxia
Definition
oxygen deprivation
Term
hypoxia
Definition
cell unable to make energy

organelles fail

integrity of membrane is lost

cell death

name the cause ?

Term
microbial infection
Definition
the most widely recognized cause of infection and occurs in patients undergoing radiation
Term
tissue damage
Definition
produced by the use of chemicals or drugs
Term
tissue damage
Definition
chemotherapy agents may cause what?
Term
extravasation
Definition
chemotherapy damage to superficial tissue can occur by?
Term
normal cells
Definition
each cell type is differentiated

distinct appearance, size & shape

small nucleus

Term
benign cells
Definition
look like tissue in which they arise

maintain morphology of parent cell

small nucleus

Term
cancer cells
Definition
loss of appearance of parent cell

large nucleus

irregular shape

large # of cells in mitosis

Term
normal cells
Definition
have a specific differentiated function important to body function

example: nerve cells conduct impulses

Term
benign cells
Definition
normal differentiated cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time

examples: moles, polyps, fibroid tumors

Term
cancer cells
Definition
loss of appearance of parent cell

no useful function

Term
normal cells
Definition
surface proteins allow cells to bind together
Term
benign cells
Definition
surrounded by fibrous connective tissue "encapsulation"

do not invade other tissue

Term
cancer cells
Definition
adhere poorly to each other

enzymes on surface digest molecules and break off from main tumor and spread to other areas of the body

Term
23 pairs
Definition
normal cells have how many chromosomes
Term
35,000
Definition
normal cells have about how many genes?
Term
50
Definition
normal cells have about 30,000 genes. How many are active during embryonic life and critical to fetal development
Term
diploidy
Definition
most normal human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, what is this called?
Term
apoptosis
Definition
programmed cell death
Term
protooncogenes
Definition
genes critical to fetal development are know as?
Term
tumor suppressor genes
Definition
are genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA and tell cells when to die
Term
benign tumor cells
Definition
are similar to normal cells with 23 pair of chromosomes
Term
aneuploidy
Definition
a state where cells lose or gain whole chromosomes or parts of chromosomes
Term
hyperdiploid
Definition
a state where cells have more than the normal chromosome number
Term
hypodiploid
Definition
a state where cells have less than the normal chromosome number
Term
mutations
Definition
gene changes from normal are called
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