Term
|
Definition
New abnormal growth.
Either benign or malignant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
New abnormal growth
either benign or malignant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Relatively innocent "
Localized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cancer
Can spread far and wide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Loss of responsiveness to normal controls
Behave as a parasite
Can change shape and grow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 categories of malignant tumors |
|
Definition
Sarcoma - connective tissue
Carcinoma - epithelial
lymphoma and leukemia - WBC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cancer of Connective tissue origin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cancer with Epithelial origin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proliferate in blood stream and bone marrow |
|
|
Term
Risk factors of cancer
***** |
|
Definition
Genitics
virus
Bacteria
Diet
Tobacco
Alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Turning "on" genes that should be "off" causing cells to divide
Ex. HGH, apoptosis,DNA repair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genes that lead to growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genes that stop excessive cell growth |
|
|
Term
| "Proof reading" oncogenes |
|
Definition
| Genes that code for DNA errors repair enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1/2+ have mutation of this gene have cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An enzyme that can build the telomer back up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal cap on DNA at the end of a chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process where a normal cell becomes a tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mutate to become malignant |
|
|
Term
| Tumors get _____ not _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As the cell gets more specialized the more genes get turned off |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of Anaplastic cells |
|
Definition
Ectoderm - skin/nervous
Mesoderm- bone/muscle
endoderm- organs |
|
|
Term
Differentiation: benign tumors
***** |
|
Definition
May produce functional hormones
Well differentiated
closely resemble normal cells |
|
|
Term
| Differentiation: Malignant tumors |
|
Definition
| Range from well differentiated to totally undifferentiated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Loss of uniformity
lose basic architiecture
May be reversible
PRE-CANCEROUS |
|
|
Term
| Define: Carcinoma in situ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Have not broken through the basement membrane
pre-invasive
100% CANCER |
|
|
Term
| Benign and Malignant tumors differ in 4 ways |
|
Definition
Differentiation
rate of growth
Local invasion - M only
metastasis -M only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells show marked variation in size and shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Very colorful and large
Vary in size and shape (dark color)
No recognizable patterns |
|
|
Term
| The more anaplastic the tumor..... |
|
Definition
| The less likely it is to show functional activity |
|
|
Term
| In order to continue growing Malignant tumors need |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a tumor does not get blood it dies generally in the center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formality ion of new blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Tumors cant grow past _____mm without blood supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Places angiogenesis occurs |
|
Definition
Uterus
wound healing
Tumors |
|
|
Term
Cell growth cycle
G0 vs. G1-S-G2-M |
|
Definition
G0 is a cell at rest and not reproducing
Others are "pregnant" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Double more often not more rapidly
Less time between pregnancys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Percent of cells "pregnant" at once |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Replicating or "pregnant"
Whether its cancer or normal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ralemain localized
Can NOT invade or spread
Fibrous capsule |
|
|
Term
| Can both benign and malignant tumors cause problems |
|
Definition
| Yes hormones production and pressure |
|
|
Term
| Ways malignant tumors invade |
|
Definition
Lytic enzymes
Finger like projections that take the path of least resistance
don't need to stick to other cells |
|
|
Term
| Ways tumors differ from regular cells |
|
Definition
Biochemical differences
Require less oxygen
Don't have all the enzymes and protines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 Shedding/release
2 transport
3 three s's (stop,stick,start to grow) |
|
|
Term
| Metastasis spreds in 3 ways |
|
Definition
1 seeding
2 lymphatic
3 hematogenous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can skip down the line of lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Travels in blood
Typical in sarcomas |
|
|
Term
| Effects of tumors on host depends on |
|
Definition
Location and shape
Hormone production
Ulceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Wasting away
Weakness and loosing weight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tumor produces hormones
mimics PTH
Too much calcium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Over activates adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T0 - no tumor
T1 - <2cm
T2 - 2-5cm
T3 - beyond organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
N0 - no nodes invooved
N1 - adjacent nodes
N2 - distant nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
M0 - no metastasis
M1 - metastasis present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mortality = death
Morbidity = # of cases |
|
|
