Term
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Definition
| are T-cell and B-cells [ small white blood cells that are responsible for the immune sytem response] |
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Term
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Definition
| T- helper and T-cytotoxic cells [T-lymphocytes] |
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Definition
| are lymphocytes [ a type of white blood cell] that makes antibodies |
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Definition
are phagocytes, they are larger and longer live.
- they are activated by INF- with the potential to kill tumor cells and release NO. |
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Term
| Antigen presenting cells [ APC] |
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Definition
are specialized white blood cells that help fighting off foreign substance that enter the body.
- these cells send out signals to T-cells when an antigen enter the body. |
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Term
| PMN [ polymorpho nuclear neucyte] |
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Definition
Have lots of granules in the cytoplasm
- dissolve anything [ proteins, lipids, carbs]
belong to phagocytic family
- can release ROI
- short lived cells |
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Term
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Definition
prey primarily are virally infected cells
- does not have anti-tumor activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
an organism ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences. The adaptive immune system has memory cells that react quickly to a foreign substance [ secondary response] |
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Term
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Definition
| IFN-Y react with NK cells and Macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
Big chains on ABS
- covalently linked by disulfide bonds
ex. quaternary protein structure |
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Term
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Definition
small chains on ABS
- covalently linked by disulfide bonds
ex. quaternary protein structure |
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Term
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Definition
| the upper part of ABS [ the light and heavy chains] |
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Term
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Definition
| The stem of the ABS [ the FC] |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex of integral membrane proteins that participates in the activation of T-cells in response to the presentation of antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| once the cell find its antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| then makes more copies of its [ it needs many of these to deal with the infection] |
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Term
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Definition
| several or many clones of lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| directed against a single epitope |
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Term
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Definition
Weakest antiviral activity
- reacts with NK and Macrophages= activation |
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Term
| TNF[ tumor necrosis factor] |
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Definition
- binds to receptors on cells that belong to family of proteins called fast family
- it binds to receptor and set up a signaling pathway that leads to cell death. |
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Term
| CSF [ Colony stimulating factors] |
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Definition
| -Growth factors that will enable cells that belong to neutrophils, granuacidis, macrophages to differentiate and divide. |
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Term
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Definition
| involved in regulation of T-cell clonal expansion |
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Term
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Definition
| competent cells on contact with antigen, involving antigen binding with a receptor on the cell surface. |
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Term
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Definition
activated complement acts as a opsonin to enhance phagocytosis
- ABS acts as opsonins, and together, ABS and complement have additive effects on opsoninzation |
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Term
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Definition
| activated complement proteins can act as complement chemotaxins to recruit phagocytes to the site of infection, promoting inflammation. |
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Term
| MHC [ major hisocompatibility complex] |
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Definition
proteins are importnat for T-cell activation
Two classes: MHC Class I/II
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Term
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Definition
| expressed on almost all cells of the body with a nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B-cells that present antigen to Helper-T-cells [ CD4 T-cells] |
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Term
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Definition
| antigens that are specifically on tumor cells |
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Term
| Tumor associated transplantation antigens[TATA] |
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Definition
| an antigen that can evoke resistance in a pre-immunized host |
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Term
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Definition
two major proteins: AFP [alpha fetal protein] and CEA [carcino embryonic antigen]
- proteins are only amde during development, once we are born we do not make them anymore.
- They are indicative of the presence of tumors |
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Term
| Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes[ TIL] |
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Definition
| The T-cytotoxic cells taken from a tumor they are referred to as TILs |
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Term
| Lymphokines activated killer [LAK] |
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Definition
| NK cell in the presence of IL-2 become LAK cell and hopefully will destroy the tumor cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| monitoring process of the immune system which detects and destroys neoplastic cells and which tends to break down in immunosuppressed individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response. |
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Term
| Biological response modifiers [BRM[ |
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Definition
| used to activate NK cells and macrophages |
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Term
| Bacillus calmette-Guerin [BCG] |
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Definition
a weakend form of bacterium Mycobacterium bovis that does not cause disease
- solution to stimulate the immune system in the treatment of bladder cancer and as a vaccine to present TB. |
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Term
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Definition
| a small group of peptides that are within the cell wall of BCG that could activate macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
| bodily response to an antigen that occurs when lymphocytes identify the antigenic molecule as foreign and induce the formation of ABS and lymphocytes capable of reacting with it and rendering it harmless |
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Term
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Definition
Takes time [ slower]
induced after contact with the invading organism
- involve B-cell and T-cell
-specificity |
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Term
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Definition
present constitutively
- non-specific attach and phagocytes active
- immediate response |
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Term
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Definition
something that will evoke an immune response
-made up of antigenic determinates called epitopes |
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Definition
| microbes and viruses, and our immune system is programmed to fight foreign |
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