Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Biology of Cancer
Cancer Terms set 2
46
Biology
Undergraduate 3
01/08/2012

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
are T-cell and B-cells [ small white blood cells that are responsible for the immune sytem response] 
Term
T-cell
Definition
T- helper and T-cytotoxic cells [T-lymphocytes] 
Term
B-cell
Definition
are lymphocytes [ a type of white blood cell] that makes antibodies
Term
Macrophages
Definition

are phagocytes, they are larger and longer live. 

- they are activated by INF- with the potential to kill tumor cells and release NO. 

Term
Antigen presenting cells [ APC]
Definition

are specialized white blood cells that help fighting off foreign substance that enter the body. 

- these cells send out signals to T-cells when an antigen enter the body. 

Term
PMN [ polymorpho nuclear neucyte] 
Definition

Have lots of granules in the cytoplasm

- dissolve anything [ proteins, lipids, carbs] 

belong to phagocytic family 

- can release ROI 

- short lived cells 

Term

NK Cells

 

Definition

prey primarily are virally infected cells 

- does not have anti-tumor activity 

Term
Specificity
Definition
being specific 
Term
Memory
Definition

an organism ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences. The adaptive immune system has memory cells that react quickly to a foreign substance [ secondary response] 

Term
Activation
Definition
IFN-Y react with NK cells and Macrophages
Term
Heavy chains
Definition

Big chains on ABS

- covalently linked by disulfide bonds

ex. quaternary protein structure

Term
Light chains
Definition

small chains on ABS

- covalently linked by disulfide bonds

ex. quaternary protein structure

Term
Variable regions
Definition
the upper part of ABS [ the light and heavy chains]
Term
Constant regions
Definition
The stem of the ABS [ the FC]
Term
T-cell receptor [ TCR]
Definition
a complex of integral membrane proteins that participates in the activation of T-cells in response to the presentation of antigen
Term
Clonal selection
Definition
once the cell find its antigen
Term
Clonal division
Definition
then makes more copies of its [ it needs many of these to deal with the infection]
Term
Polyclonal ABS
Definition
several or many clones of lymphocytes
Term
Monoclonal ABS
Definition
directed against a single epitope
Term
IFN-Y
Definition

Weakest antiviral activity

- reacts with NK and Macrophages= activation

Term
TNF[ tumor necrosis factor]
Definition

- binds to receptors on cells that belong to family of proteins called fast family

- it binds to receptor and set up a signaling pathway that leads to cell death. 

Term
CSF [ Colony stimulating factors] 
Definition
-Growth factors that will enable cells that belong to neutrophils, granuacidis, macrophages to differentiate and divide. 
Term
IL-2[ interleukin 2] 
Definition
involved in regulation of T-cell clonal expansion
Term
Antigen recognition
Definition
competent cells on contact with antigen, involving antigen binding with a receptor on the cell surface. 
Term
Opsonization
Definition

activated complement acts as a opsonin to enhance phagocytosis 

- ABS acts as opsonins, and together, ABS and complement have additive effects on opsoninzation

Term
Complement
Definition
activated complement proteins can act as complement chemotaxins to recruit phagocytes to the site of infection, promoting inflammation.
Term
MHC [ major hisocompatibility complex] 
Definition

proteins are importnat for T-cell activation 

Two classes: MHC Class I/II 

 

Term
MHC Class I
Definition
expressed on almost all cells of the body with a nucleus
Term
MHC Class II
Definition
expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B-cells that present antigen to Helper-T-cells [ CD4 T-cells] 
Term
Tumor specific antigen
Definition
antigens that are specifically on tumor cells 
Term
Tumor associated transplantation antigens[TATA]
Definition
an antigen that can evoke resistance in a pre-immunized host
Term
Oncofetal antigen
Definition

two major proteins: AFP [alpha fetal protein] and CEA [carcino embryonic antigen] 

- proteins are only amde during development, once we are born we do not make them anymore. 

- They are indicative of the presence of tumors 

Term
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes[ TIL]
Definition
The T-cytotoxic cells taken from a tumor they are referred to as TILs
Term
Lymphokines activated killer [LAK]
Definition
NK cell in the presence of IL-2 become LAK cell and hopefully will destroy the tumor cells. 
Term
Immunosurvillience
Definition
monitoring process of the immune system which detects and destroys neoplastic cells and which tends to break down in immunosuppressed individuals
Term
Immunotherapy
Definition
treatment of disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response. 
Term
Biological response modifiers [BRM[ 
Definition
used to activate NK cells and macrophages 
Term
Bacillus calmette-Guerin [BCG]
Definition

a weakend form of bacterium Mycobacterium bovis that does not cause disease

- solution to stimulate the immune system in the treatment of bladder cancer and as a vaccine to present TB. 

Term
Muramyl dipeptide [MDP]
Definition
a small group of peptides that are within the cell wall of BCG that could activate macrophages
Term
Immune response
Definition
bodily response to an antigen that occurs when lymphocytes identify the antigenic molecule as foreign and induce the formation of ABS and lymphocytes capable of reacting with it and rendering it harmless
Term
Adaptive immunity 
Definition

Takes time [ slower] 

induced after contact with the invading organism 

- involve B-cell and T-cell 

-specificity 

Term
Innate immunity
Definition

present constitutively 

- non-specific attach and phagocytes active 

- immediate response

Term
Antigen
Definition

something that will evoke an immune response 

-made up of antigenic determinates called epitopes 

Term
Foreign 
Definition
microbes and viruses, and our immune system is programmed to fight foreign
Term
Self
Definition
our cells 
Term
Lymphocyte test
Definition
Blood count
Supporting users have an ad free experience!