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Definition
| movement of materials in and out of the cell |
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| movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration untill equalibrium is reached |
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excessive cell water loss -results in shrinkage of cells... in plant cells cell membrane condenses around chloroplasts animal cells and other kingdoms...shrinkage and shriveling |
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| Factors effecting rate of diffusion |
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Definition
1. molecular weight (size of molecule) 2.shape of molecule 3.phase of matter (solid, liquid, gas) 4.solubility in water 5. solubility in lipids (fats) 6. electric charge (+ or -) |
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transport not expending any energy -no ATPs ex. diffusion ex. osmosis |
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tugor water keeps the cell vacuole filled with water... supports cell membrane and keeps cell membrane against non-living cell wall |
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example of diffusion when glucose (c6 h12 o6) diffuses through protein channels into the cell doesn't use energy (atps) |
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diffusion requiring energy low concentration to high concentration...against the normal flow of diffusion could be that cell is expending energy to prevvent diffusion |
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"exit-cell-process" when a lysosome digests food in vacuole and brings waste to the membrane...waste is expelled out |
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"enter-cell-process" requires energy to enter the cell |
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cell drinking...taking in liquids or really really small solids requires energy |
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cell taking in a solid requires energy |
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| a homogeneous mixture of varying concentration |
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greater concentration in the solution dissolves to solute h2o is the universal solvent |
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dissolved in a solvent lesser concentration used in comparing types of solutions |
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| the same...two solutions of the same solute concentration |
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a solution that has "more" of a solute than its comparison...greater concentration **hyper-active** |
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lesser concentrated solute than its comparison less of the dissolvable thing **hypo-thermia** |
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Term
break down of phosolipid-bilayer |
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Definition
phospho-phosphate group (po4) lipid- fat, oil or wax bi- two layer |
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| what is a phospholipid bilayer made of? |
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Definition
building blocks... glycerol (c3 h8 o3) |
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| what is a lipid made out of? |
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Definition
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| phospholipid is made out of... |
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Definition
head- glycerol (c3 h8 o3) and one phosphate group (p o4) tail- two fatty acids |
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attracted to water heads of phospholipids like water |
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Do phospholipid bilayers move? why? |
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Definition
side ways movements because of head's alike charge....likes repel results in side to side movement up and down |
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| what are tails made out of? |
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Definition
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water hater...tails dont attract water, they repel it |
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| two fatty acids uncharged that repel water |
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| proteins on cell membrane |
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Definition
float or move around between lipids horozontal fluidity |
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animal fat holds the membrane together like glue |
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go "across membrane", or go fully across the membrane...form a protein channel ex.permease pore glucose c6 h12 o6 |
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to the side of the protein channels mark the channels for incoming substances help in cell signaling will recieve incoming molecules |
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chains of sugars markers and receptors involved in cell signaling |
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..division of labor each organelle has a specific function that it has to perform (independence) |
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cell organelle interaction organelles have to work together for the orderly functioning of a cell |
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Definition
| first, NUCLEUS has DNA codes for enzymes.. but DNA can diffue through nuclear membrane...so NUCLEOLUS HAS mRNA go to ribosomes (protein factories, in this case, enzyme factories) and the ribosomes make all types of specific types of protein..then to the rough ER, which an ID marker is attached...then to the GOLGI BODIES where IDs are used so enzymes can be identified for sorting into their own types...then they are "budded" into membrane surrounded packages with their specific type of enzyme. THEN YOU HAVE A LYSOSOME |
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| id marker put on enzymes in the production of lysosomes |
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Definition
carbohydrate/oliosacchoride (sugar.glucose) + enzyme (protein) |
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glucose/sugars/CARBOHYDRATE/oliosacchoride (ID marker) + enzyme (proteins) |
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