Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Biology / Miller and Levine
Chapter 28
42
Biology
10th Grade
10/26/2010

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
neuron
Definition
nerve cell; specialized for carrying messages throughout the nervous system
Term

sensory neuron

Definition

type of nerve cell that receives information

from sensory receptors and conveys signals to central

nervous system

Term

stimulus (pI. stimuli)

Definition

signal to which an organism

responds

Term

interneuron

Definition

: type of neuron that processes information

and may relay information to motor neurons

Term

motor neuron:

Definition

 type of nerve cell that carries directions

from interneurons to either muscle cells or glands

Term

response

Definition
 specific reaction to a stimulus
Term

ganglion (pI. ganglia):

Definition
 group of interneurons
Term

cerebellum

Definition

: part of the brain that coordinates movement

and controls balance

 

Term

 

cerebrum:

Definition

part of the brain responsible for voluntary activities

of the body; "thinking" region of the brain

Term

exoskeleton

Definition

: external skeleton; tough external covering

that protects and supports the body of many invertebrates

 

 

Term

ligament:

Definition

tough connective tissue that holds bones

together in ajoint

 

Term
tendon:
Definition
tough connective tissue that connects skeletal muscles to bones
Term

oviparous:

Definition

species in which embryos develop in eggs outside

a parent's body

 

Term

ovoviparous:

Definition

species in which the embryos develop within

the mother's body but depend entirely on the yolk sac of their eggs

 

Term

placenta

Definition

: specialized organ in placental mammals through

which respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged between the mother and her developing young

Term

viviparous:  

Definition

animals that bear live young that are nourished

directly by the mother's body as they develop (822)

 

Term

nymph:

Definition

immature form of an animal that resembles the

adult form but lacks functional sexual organs

 

Term

pupa:

Definition

stage in complete metamorphosis in which the larva

develops into an adult

Term

amniotic egg

Definition

 egg composed of shell and membranes that

creates a protected environment in which the embryo can develop out of its mother's body

Term

mammary gland:

Definition

 gland in female mammals that produces

milk to nourish the young

 

Term

endocrine gland:

Definition

 gland that releases its secretions (hormones)

directly into the blood, which transports the secretions

to other areas of the body

 

Term

ectotherm:

Definition

animal whose body temperature is determined

by the temperature of its environment

Term

endotherm:

Definition

animal whose body temperature is regulated,

at least in part, using heat generated within its body

 

Term

Sensory systems range from individual

sensory neurons to sense organs that contain both sensory neurons and other cells that help gather information .

 

Definition
Term

hydrostatic skeleton:

Definition

skeleton made of fluid -filled body

segments that work with muscles to allow the animal to

move

 

Term

endoskeleton:

Definition

internal skeleton; structural support system

within the body of an animal

Term

Animals have three main kinds of skeletal systems:

Definition

hydrostatic

skeletons, exoskeletons, and endoskeletons.

 

Term

molting:

Definition

process of shedding an exoskeleton and growing a

new one

Term

 

Joint:

Definition
place where one bone attaches to another bone
Term
Asexual reproduction
Definition
requires only one parent, so individuals in favorable environmental conditions can reproduce rapidly . But since offspring produced asexually carry only a single parent's DNA, they have less genetic diversity than do offspring produced sexually.
Term

Sexual reproduction

Definition

maintains genetic diversity in a

population by creating individuals with new combinations of genes

Term

internal fertilization,

Definition

eggs are fertilized inside the body of the eggproducing

individual.

Term

external

fertilization,

Definition

eggs are fertilized outside the body of the egg-producing

individual.

Term

metamorphosis:

Definition

process of changes in shape and form of a

larva into an adult

Term

Amnion

Definition

a fluid·filled sac that surrounds and cushions

the developing embryo. It

produces a protected, watery

environment.

Term

Chorion

Definition

regulates the transport of oxygen from the

surface of the egg to the embryo and

the transport of carbon dioxide,

one product of respiration, in the

opposite direction .

Term

Yolk Sac

Definition

This baglike structure

contains a yolk that

serves as a nutrient-rich

food supply for the embryo.

Term

Allantois

Definition

stores the waste produced by the

embryo. It later fuses with the chorion and serves

as a respiratory organ

Term

The three groups of mammals

Definition

-monotremes, marsupials,

and placentals-

Term

Reproduction - monotremes

Definition

combines reptilian and mammalian traits. Like a reptile, a female monotreme lays soft-shelled, amniotic eggs that are incubated outside her body. The eggs hatch in about ten days. But like other

mammals, young monotremes are nourished by milk produced by the mother's mammary glands. Female monotremes secrete milk, not through well-developed nipples like other mammals, but through pores on the surface of the abdomen

Term

Marsupials

Definition

 bear live young that usually complete their development in an external pouch. Marsupial young are born at a very early stage of development.

Inside the marsupium, the young spend months attached to a nipple.

Term

Placental mammals

Definition

 named for the placenta, which allows nutrients,

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other wastes to be exchanged between the embryo and the mother. The placenta allows the embryo to develop

for a long time inside the mother and allows it to be born at a fairly advanced stage of development .

Supporting users have an ad free experience!