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| organisms are composed of molecules, which are collections of smaller units, called ____ |
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| negatively charged particles of an atom with almost no mass |
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| elements that have atoms with the same atomic numbers but different number of nuetrons are called __ |
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| in chemical reactions, the gain of an electron is called _________ |
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| when atoms gain or lose electrons, they become negatively or positively charged. They are known as _____ |
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| when 2 atoms share a pair of electrons, the boning is reffered to as _____ |
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| Water molocules are polar with ends that exibit partial positive and negative charges. Such opposite charges make water molocules attract each other through bonds called _____ |
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| has 1 positive charge, has 1 dalton mass, and is found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| the atomic number of an element is equal to the number of _____ |
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| ordinary oxygen has an atomic mass of 16 and a atomic number of 8. this means the number of nuetrons in this type of oxygen is ____ |
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| a path around the nucleus in which electrons orbit. it cannot have more than 2 electrons in each orbital |
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| a hydrogen molocule is formed by sharing a pair of electrons between 2 atoms is stable because ________ |
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| it has no net charge, the octet rule is satisfied, and it has no unpaired electrons |
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| oxygen ordinarly has 8 protons and 8 nuetrons. another rare form has 2 extra nuetrons. theses 2 forms are _______ |
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| Atoms in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons are known as __ |
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| the area around the nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found is called ________ |
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| regardless of its shape, a given orbital may contain no more than _______ elctrons |
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| Mendeleev found that when he arranged the known elements according to thier atomic mass, the entries in the table exhibited a pattern of chemical properties that repeated itself in groups of 8 elements. this led to the generalization now known as _ |
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| all atoms tend to fill thier outer energy levels with the maximum number of electrons, usually 8. Depending on whether the atom satisfied this simple octet rule or not will allow the prediction of _________ |
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| chemical behavior of the atoms |
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| Sodium has 11 electrons arranged in 3 energy levels. The outer level has only 1 elctron. in order to become stable, the atom loses an electron thus exposing the previous 8 electrons and subsequently becomes an ion with what kind of charge? |
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| in thecrystal atrix of ordinary salt, the soduim and chlorine are held together by ______ |
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| Chemical reactions can be influenced by ______ |
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| temperature, concentration of reactants and products and catalysts |
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| 2 carbon atoms might be joined to eachother by the sharing of 2 pairs of electrons forming ______ |
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| because oxygen is more electronegotive than hydrogen, the water molecule is _____ |
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| a scientist conducts a procedure that causes nitrogen atoms to gain nuetrons. the resulting atoms will be ______ |
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| 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom will combine chemically to form a water molocule. the chemical bonds that hold the molocule together are covalent bonds. These covalent bonds convey a polarity to each water molocule. simply stated, plarity means that there is a positive and negative side to the molocule. the positive side of 1 water molocule is attracted to the negative side of nother water molocule forming a hydrogen bond. What pure water properties reflects this type of bonding? |
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| the ability to conduct electricity |
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| what are Radioactive isotopes? |
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| atoms that are unstable and as a result emit energy in a process caled radioactive decay |
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| bonds between atoms in which the atoms share electrons. for example a single bond involves one electron, a double bond involves 2 electrons and a triple bond involves 3 electrons |
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| in ____ compounds, electrons are shared |
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| in ionic compounds, _______ |
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| one atom loses an electron and one atom gains an electron |
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| protons and _______ add wieght to the atom |
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| _____ are formed by covalent bonds |
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| orbitals ____ to the nucleus must be filled first |
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| what is the electron configuraton fr Cl17? |
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| 1s2 2s2 px2 py2 pz2 3s2 3px2 py2 pz1 |
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| the method of reasoning that uses construction of general principals by careful examination of many specific cases is called ____ |
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| a hypothesiscan be tested with ____ |
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| the area science taht studies life and its processess is called _______ |
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| after making careful observations, scientists contstruct _____ |
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| After Darwin concluded his voyage on the Beagle, he proposed that the process of natural selection was the mechanism for ___ |
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| In science when general principles are arrived at from the examination of specific hypotheses, it is called ________ |
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| A suggested explanation that might be true and is subject to testing by further observations is ____ |
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| the scientific process involves __________ |
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| rejection of hypothesis that are inconsistent with experimental results |
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| a valid experiment must include |
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| the naturalist on the ship HMS beagle was ____ |
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| the proposal that one type of organism can change gradually into anohter type over a long period of time is known as ____ |
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| darwin studied different species of finches on the ________ |
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