Term
| What is the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data? |
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Definition
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Term
| What where the three stages of the Human Genome Project? |
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Definition
| Genetic (or linkage) mapping, physical mapping, DNA sequencing. |
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Term
| What maps the location of several thousand genetic markers on each chromosome? |
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Definition
| Linkage map (genetic map). |
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Term
| What is a gene or other identifiable DNA sequence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are used to determine the order and relative distances between genetic markers? |
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Definition
| Recombination frequencies. |
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Term
| What expresses the distance between genetic markers, usually as the number of base pairs along the DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is constructed by cutting a DNA molecule into many short fragments and arranging them in order by identifying overlaps? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are used to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of each chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many base pairs does a complete haploid set of human chromosomes contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What approach to genome sequencing skips genetic and physical mapping and sequences random DNA fragments directly? |
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Definition
| Whole-genome shotgun approach. |
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Term
| What is the current sequencing method of choice? |
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Definition
| Whole-genome shotgun approach. |
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Term
| What does Genbank software allow online visitors to search for matches to? |
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Definition
| A specific DNA sequence, a predicted protein sequence, and common stretches of amino acids in a protein. |
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Term
| What is the systematic study of all proteins encoded by a genome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What carry out most of the activities of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many base pairs do the genomes of most bacteria and archaea have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within each domain, there is no systematic relationship between what? |
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Definition
| Genome size and phenotype. |
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Term
| What have the lowest gene density, or number of genes in a given length of DNA? |
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Definition
| Humans and other mammals. |
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Term
| What have many introns within genes and noncoding DNA between genes? |
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Definition
| Multicellular eukaryotes. |
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Term
| What makes up the bulk of most eukaryotic genomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much of the human genome does not code for proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much of the human genome codes for introns and gene-related regulatory sequences? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are former genes that have accumulated mutations and are nonfunctional? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is present in multiple copies in the genome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What move from one site to another in a cell's DNA? (They are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of eukaryotic transposable elements? |
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Definition
| Transposons and retrotransposons. |
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Term
| How do transposons move within a genome? |
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Definition
| By means of a DNA intermediate. |
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Term
| How do retrotransposons move within a genome? |
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Definition
| By means of an RNA intermediate. |
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Term
| What type of retrotransposon sequences have a low rate of transposition and may help regulate gene expression? |
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Definition
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Term
| What contains many copies of tandemly repeated short sequences? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a series of repeating units of 2 to 5 nucleotieds? |
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Definition
| Short tandem repeat (STR). |
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Term
| Where is simple sequence DNA common? |
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Definition
| Centromeres and telomeres. It probably plays structural roles in the chromosome. |
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Term
| What are collections of identical or very similar genes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a classic example of multigene families of nonidentical genes? |
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Definition
| Alpha-globins and beta-globins. |
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Term
| What is the basis of change at the genomic level? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the genes of the earliest forms of life likely for? |
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Definition
| Survival and reproduction. |
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Term
| What is the condition known as when accidents in meiosis lead to one or more extra sets of chromosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosomes do humans have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an enzyme that helps protect animals against bacterial infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when errors in meiotic recombination lead to some mixing and matching of exons, either iwithin a gene or between two nonallelic genes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What may block protein production? |
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Definition
| The insertion of transposable elements within a protein-coding sequence. |
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Term
| What may create new sites for alternative splicing in an RNA transcript? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are genes that have changed very little over time referred to as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What inform us about relationships among species that diverged from each other a long time ago? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is variation within humans due to? |
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Definition
| single nucleotide polymorphisms, inversions, deletions, and duplications. |
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Term
| What is the study of the evolution of developmental processes in multicellular organisms? |
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Definition
| Evolutionary developmental biology. (Evo-devo) |
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Term
| What are homeotic genes in animals called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an identical or very similar nucleotide sequence within homeotic genes and some other developmental genes that is widely conserved in animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the regulatory equivalent of Hox genes of animals that are found in plants? |
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Definition
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