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Biology Lecture Midterm Review
Biology Lecture Midterm Review
75
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/16/2014

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Term
Which is the smallest unit of life?
Definition
a cell
Term
An experimenter will not do which of the following?
Definition
manipulates dependent variables
Term
In order to arrive at a solution to a problem, a scientist usually proposes and tests __________.
Definition
hypotheses
Term
The nucleic acid core of a virus may be composed of ______________________.
Definition
DNA or RNA
Term
Today, scientists usually agree that there are _____ kingdoms.
Definition
six
Term
Organisms that are producers obtain their energy from ______.
Definition
sun
Term
Organs are composed of tissues, which are composed of cells. This is an example for which characteristic of life?
Definition
Living things are organized.
Term
Of the following, which is called an "educated guess”?
Definition
hypothesis
Term
A scientific name consists of ___________________.
Definition
genus  and species name
Term
Most organisms exhibit this characteristic when trying to maintain constant environments.
Definition
homeostasis
Term
Four of the five listed below are characteristics of life. Select the exception:
Definition
ionization
Term
If a form of a trait improves chances for surviving and reproducing in a given environment, it is a(n) ________ trait.
Definition
adaptive
Term
Four of the five answers listed below are necessary characteristics to the life of an individual. Select the exception:
Definition
diversity
Term
Molds and mildew belong to __________.
Definition
Kingdom Fungi
Term
The capacity to evolve is based on variations in heritable traits, which originally arise through ______.
Definition
mutations
Term
Substances with a pH between 7 and 14 are:
Definition
basic
Term
Which of the following is made up of a combination of the others?
Definition
atoms
Term
The bond formed between an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of water in which electrons are shared unequally.
Definition
polar covalent
Term
A compound is
Definition
a chemical combination of atoms whose proportions do not vary.
Term
The atomic number refers to the
Definition
number of protons in an atom.
Term
Which of the following bonds is most easily broken?
Definition
hydrogen bond
Term
The negative subatomic particle is the:
Definition
electron
Term
Magnesium has an atomic number-12 and an atomic mass number- 24. How many electrons are in its third energy shell?
Definition
2
Term
Phosphorus?
Definition
P
Term
Cellular pH is kept near a value of 7 because of
Definition
buffer systems.
Term
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in the first shell of an atom?
Definition
2
Term
A molecule is
Definition
a combination of two or more atoms.
Term
How do hydrophobic molecules react with water?
Definition
repelled by it
Term
Any molecule or ion that dissolves in some solvent.
Definition
solute
Term
Carbon:
Definition
C
Term
The molecules of life are _____ compounds.
Definition
organic
Term
Amino acids commonly have a standard _____ letter abbreviation.
Definition
3
Term
Milk sugar is __________.
Definition
lactose
Term
Carbohydrates, like glucose and glygen, function primarily
Definition
for energy and energy storage.
Term
A fatty acid with one or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain is said to be
Definition
unsaturated.
Term
Carbon is very versatile because it can form up to ____ bonds with other atoms.
Definition
4
Term
Glucose, with 6 carbons, can form a linear or _____ configuration.
Definition
ring
Term
The main energy source for most organisms is
Definition
glucose
Term
Most animal fats are
Definition
solid at room temperature and saturated.
Term
Which of the following is NOT true concerning lipids?
Definition
they readily dissolve in polar substances
Term
The building blocks of lipids are
Definition
fatty acids & glycerol.
Term
Which of the following is NOT a complex carbohydrate?
Definition
glucose
Term
Most carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and _____ in a 1:2:1 ratio.
Definition
oxygen
Term
Which of the following are macromolecules characteristic of life?
Definition
all of the above
Term
Proteins function ________.
Definition
all of the above
Term
Messengers for building proteins.
Definition
RNA
Term
According to the fluid mosaic model, a membrane is composed of
Definition
a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
Term
Who wrote the paper “Micrographia"?
Definition
Hooke
Term
A 9+2 array refers to
Definition
both flagella and cilia but not Golgi bodies or ribosomes.
Term
DNA synthesis occurs in the nucleus. Which organelle can digest this nucleic acid?
Definition
lysosomes
Term
Move cell parts along microtubules when fueled by ATP?
Definition
all of these
Term
One portion of the cell theory states that
Definition
all living organisms are made up of cells.
Term
Which of the following modern microscopes uses beams of electrons to illuminate an object?
Definition
electron microscope
Term
These are the primary structures for the packaging of cellular secretions for export from the cell.
Definition
Golgi bodies
Term
Which of the following contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.
Definition
lysosomes
Term
Organelles in plant cells that function in photosynthesis or storage are called
Definition
plastids.
Term
Which of the following is best associated with plant cells?
Definition
chloroplasts and cell wall
Term
Three of the four answers listed below are bound by membranes. Select the exception
Definition
ribosome
Term
These are sometimes referred to as rough or smooth, depending on the presence or absence of ribosomes.
Definition
endoplasmic reticula
Term
Which of these extract energy stored in carbohydrates, synthesize ATP, and produce water and carbon dioxide?
Definition
mitochondria
Term
The rate of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane will be lowest when which of the following are true?
Definition
temperatures are low
Term
Rosalind Franklin's research contribution was essential in
Definition
establishing most of the principal structural features of DNA.
Term
Which scientist(s) identified the transforming substance involved in changing R bacteria to S?
Definition
Avery & fellow biochemists.
Term
A solution that has a higher concentration of solute as compared to the interior of a cell is said to be ____.
Definition
hypertonic
Term
For all cells and many viruses, a nucleic acid that is the molecule of inheritance.
Definition
DNA
Term
A nucleotide may contain
Definition
all of these
Term
In the pairing of two nucleotides within the double helix
Definition
all of these
Term
This explains the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Definition
active transport
Term
The significance of Fred Griffith's experiment in which he used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae is that
Definition
it demonstrated that harmless cells had become permanently transformed though a change in the bacterial hereditary system.
Term
The appropriate adjective to describe DNA replication is
Definition
semiconservative.
Term
A DNA strand having the sequence C-G-A-T-T-G would be complementary to the sequence ______.
Definition
G-C-T-A-A-C
Term
Bacteriophages are
Definition
viruses
Term
Who discovered what would eventually be called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
Definition
Miescher
Term
When DNA replication begins,
Definition
the two DNA strands unwind from each other.
Term
A small organic compound of a five-carbon sugar, nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group.
Definition
Nucleotide
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